Chapter 16 The Endocrine Systme (Mastering A&P)

  1. The stimuli causing endocrine glands to secrete their hormones in direct response to changing blood levels of certain critical ions and nutrients are called




    B. humoral stimuli
  2. Which of the following adrenal gland homeostatic imbalances is characterized by persistent elevated blood glucose levels, dramatic losses in muscle and bone protein, and water and salt retention, leading to hypertension and edema?




    B. Cushing's syndrome
  3. Which of the following hormones helps the body avoid dehydration and water overload?




    A. antidiuretic hormone
  4. Which hormone is the body's major metabolic hormone?




    D. thyroid hormone
  5. Which of the following hormones regulates blood calcium ion levels?






    F. parathyroid hormone
  6. Which of the following pairs correctly matches the adrenal gland zone or area with the class of hormones it produces?




    B. zona glomerulosa: mineralocorticoids
  7. When blood glucose levels are high, 





    B.  The pancreas releases insulin.
  8. A liver cell responds to insulin by





    A. Taking in glucose and converting it to glycogen.
  9. What cells in the body respond to glucagon by breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose?





    B. Liver cells.
  10. Body cells that respond to insulin include




    B. Liver cells, as well as most other cells of the body.
  11. When blood glucose levels are low,





    B. the pancreas releases glucagon, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to increase
  12. The body's tendency to maintain relatively constant internal conditions is called





    C. homeostasis.
  13. Which pancreatic hormone functions to lower blood glucose levels?




    B. insulin
  14. Two adrenal glands make hormones that are essential for life. However, in adrenogenital syndrome, females develop a beard and a masculine pattern of body hair distribution; this occurs due to ______.




    C. lack of enzymes the adrenal gland needs to make cortisol and aldosterone
  15. One can predict that a person suffering from diabetes mellitus would probably have




    A. increased secretion of ADH (anti-diuretic hormone)
  16. Which of the following is NOT a property of endocrine glands?




    D. They have ducts.
  17. At what point does the receptor-hormone complex bind to DNA? Select from letters A-D.

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    A
    B
    C
    D
     
    C
  18. What amino acid-based hormone uses the direct gene activation method illustrated in this image?

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    D. thyroxine
  19. Which of the following occurs in situations where more than one hormone produces the same effects at the target cell and their combined effects are amplified?




    B. synergism
  20. The hypothalamus is known to control the activity of the anterior pituitary, which has traditionally been called the "master endocrine gland." True or False
    True
  21. Which of the following hormones has intracellular receptors?



    A. cortisol
  22. What is the mechanism of action of lipid-soluble hormones?



    C. activation of genes, which increases protein synthesis in the cell
  23. After a lipid-soluble hormone is bound to its intracellular receptor, what does the hormone complex do?




    A. acts as a transcription factor and binds to DNA, activating a gene
  24. Which hormone’s receptor is always bound to DNA, even when the receptor is empty?



    C. thyroid hormone
  25. What keeps intracellular receptors from binding to DNA before a hormone binds to the receptor?



    B.  chaperone proteins (chaperonins)
  26. What type of hormones bind to receptors located on the cell membrane?

    A. water-soluble hormones, such as insulin and epinephrine
    B. lipid-soluble hormones, such as thyroid hormones and cortisol
    A. water-soluble hormones, such as insulin and epinephrine
  27. Which intracellular substance degrades cAMP, thus inactivating the response to a hormone?




    A.  phosphodiesterase
  28. Growth factor hormones, such as insulin, bind to which type of receptor?



    C.  tyrosine kinase receptors
  29. Which is the correct order of events for hormones activating Gs proteins?



    A.  activation of G protein, binding of GTP, activation of adenylate cyclase, conversion of ATP to cAMP
  30. Which second messenger causes the release of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum?




    B. IP3
  31. Which of the following adrenergic receptors increase cAMP levels?



    B. Beta receptors
  32. Where are oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) made? Select from letters A-D.

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    A
    B
    C
    D
     
    A
  33. What hormone released into the blood (shown by letter D) by the posterior pituitary inhibits or prevents urine formation?

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    A. antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
  34. Where are the hormones oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) stored? Select from letters A-D.

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    A
    B
    C
    D
    C
  35. What gland secretes growth hormone?

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    B.  anterior pituitary (lobe)
  36. Image Upload 14




    C. growth hormone (GH)
  37. What hormone is released by the cells pictured in letter D?

    Image Upload 16




    B. calcitonin
  38. What cells release parathyroid hormone?

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    C. parathyroid cells
  39. What hormone, notated by letter B, is released by the anterior pituitary to target the adrenal cortex when we are under stress?

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    A. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
  40. What factor inhibits aldosterone release? Select from letters A-D.

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    A
    B
    C
    D
    D
  41. Which of the following glands is found atop the kidneys?




    A.  adrenal
  42. Which of the following hormones is a part of the rapid response (rather than the prolonged response) to stress?




    B. epinephrine
  43. In response to stress, which of the following changes would happen?




    C. decreased insulin secretion
  44. Which of the following are symptom(s) of pheochromocytoma?




    C. heart palpitations
  45. Choose which condition has all of the following symptoms: hypertension, hyperglycemia, and a “moon face.”



    B. Cushing’s disease
  46. What hormone also aids the stress response by promoting water retention and acting as a vasoconstrictor?




    C. ADH (vasopressin)
  47. Hormones are long-distance chemical signals that travel in blood or lymph throughout the body. True or False
    True
  48. Thyroxine





    B. Decrease in body metabolism
  49. Parathyroid hormone





    C. Decrease in blood Ca2+ levels
  50. Which of the following is NOT a major endocrine organ, but produces hormones in addition to its major function?




    C. Kidneys
  51. Which of the following is the property in which a hormone CANNOT exhibit its full effect without another hormone?




    B. Permissiveness
  52. Which of the following stimulates most body cells to increase in size and divide?




    A. Growth hormone
  53. Insulin





    D. High levels of blood sugar 
  54. Function of growth hormone





    A. Causes cells to undergo mitosis and increase in size
  55. Identify the element of direct gene activation by a steroid hormone indicated by "A".

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    C.  steroid hormone
Author
lonelygirl
ID
217464
Card Set
Chapter 16 The Endocrine Systme (Mastering A&P)
Description
Biology 103A
Updated