Chapter 13 The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity (TB)

The "knee jerk" reflex is an example of a(n) ________.

A) extensor thrust reflex
B) cross extensor reflex
C) stress reflex
D) stretch reflex

The ________ nerve is not a branch of the trigeminal nerve.

A) mandibular
B) maxillary
C) cervical
D) ophthalmic

Which of the following nerves does not arise from the brachial plexus?

A) phrenic
B) ulnar
C) radial
D) median

Which of the following is at the lowest level of the CNS?

A) direct system
B) projection level
C) CPG
D) indirect system

The three primary levels of neural integration in a sensory system include all of the following except the ________.

A) circuit level
B) perceptual level
C) receptor level
D) effector level

The posterior side of the thigh, leg, and foot is served by the ________ nerve.

A) obturator
B) tibial
C) femoral
D) common fibular

Starting at the spinal cord, the subdivisions of the brachial plexus are, in order ________.

A) trunks, divisions, cords, and rami
B) divisions, rami, trunks, and cords
C) rami, trunks, divisions, and cords
D) rami, divisions, cords, and trunks

The cranial nerve with a dual origin (brain and spinal cord) is the ________.

A) vagus
B) hypoglossal
C) accessory
D) glossopharyngeal

Which of the following is not a nerve plexus?

A) thoracic
B) lumbar
C) brachial
D) cervical

A major nerve of the lumbar plexus is the ________.

A) ilioinguinal
B) femoral
C) sciatic
D) iliohypogastric

Spinal nerves exiting the cord from the level of L4 to S4 form the ________.

A) lumbar plexus
B) femoral plexus
C) thoracic plexus
D) sacral plexus

The abducens nerve ________.

A) relays sensory information from taste buds on the tongue
B) exits from the medulla
C) if paralyzed, exhibits Bellʹs palsy
D) supplies innervation to the lateral rectus muscle of the eye

Basic reflexes ________.

A) may be modified by learned behavior
B) are always mediated by the brain
C) are autonomic only
D) are rapid, predictable, learned responses

Which of the following is not true about the integration center of a reflex arc?

A) The center may be a single synapse between a motor and a sensory neuron.
B) It is always located in the CNS.
C) There are always multiple synapses with chains of interneurons.
D) The center is a simple reflex arc.

Striking the ʺfunny boneʺ is actually stimulation of the ________.

A) sciatic nerve
B) median nerve
C) ulnar nerve
D) radial nerve

Which of the following numbers of pairs of spinal nerves is correct?

A) twelve thoracic
B) six cervical
C) six lumbar
D) eight sacral

Select the statement about plexuses that is most correct ________.

A) Only ventral rami form plexuses
B) The dorsal rami of all spinal nerves unite to form complex networks
C) The ventral rami of thoracic spinal nerves unite to form the thoracic plexus
D) Each branch of the plexus contains fibers from a single spinal nerve

A reflex that causes muscle relaxation and lengthening in response to muscle contraction is called a ________.

A) crossed extensor reflex
B) Golgi tendon reflex
C) plantar reflex
D) flexor reflex

Pressure, pain, and temperature receptors are ________.

A) chemoreceptors
B) proprioceptors
C) exteroceptors
D) interoceptors

Potentially damaging stimuli that result in pain are selectively detected by ________.

A) proprioceptors
B) nociceptors
C) interoceptors
D) photoreceptors

Meissnerʹs corpuscles ________.

A) are anatomically unencapsulated
B) are found primarily in connective tissue
C) are interoceptors
D) are mechanoreceptors

Which receptors adapt most slowly?

A) nociceptors
B) pressure receptors
C) touch receptors
D) smell receptors

The abducens nerve conveys proprioceptor impulses from the ________ to the brain.

A) lateral rectus muscle
B) medial rectus muscle
C) inferior rectus muscle
D) superior rectus muscle

Nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS only are ________.

A) mixed nerves
B) motor nerves
C) efferent nerves
D) afferent nerves

After axonal injury, regeneration in peripheral nerves is guided by ________.

A) Schwann cells
B) Wallerian cells
C) dendrites
D) Golgi organs

Regeneration within the CNS ________.

A) is complicated by secondary demyelination
B) typically allows axonal sprouting of 20 mm
C) is promoted by growth inhibitors and glial scars
D) is more successful than with the PNS

In a crossed extensor reflex, if the right arm were grabbed it would flex and the left arm would ________.

A) also flex
B) abduct
C) adduct
D) extend

Select the correct definition.

A) Perceptual detection is the ability to detect how much stimulus is applied to the body.
B) Pattern recognition allows us to see a familiar face.
C) Magnitude estimation is the simplest level of sensation.
D) Spatial discrimination allows us to recognize textures.

All processing at the circuit level going up to the perceptual level must synapse in the ________.

A) medulla
B) thalamus
C) pons
D) reticular formation

The sciatic nerve is a combination of which two nerves?

A) pudendal and posterior femoral cutaneous
B) pudendal and common fibular
C) common fibular and tibial
D) posterior femoral cutaneous and tibial

The largest and longest nerve of the body is found in the ________.

A) cervical plexus
B) lumbar plexus
C) sacral plexus
D) brachial plexus

Irritation of a major nerve of this plexus may cause hiccups.

A) cervical plexus
B) sacral plexus
C) lumbar plexus
D) thoracic plexus

Bellʹs palsy ________.

A) is characterized by loss of vision
B) is characterized by partial paralysis of diaphragm muscles
C) is characterized by paralysis of facial muscles
D) is often caused by inflammation of the trigeminal nerve

Babinskiʹs sign is ________.

A) caused by incomplete development of the thalamus in the infant
B) when the great toe dorsiflexes and the other toes fan laterally
C) a reflex whose physiological mechanism is well understood
D) normal in an infant less than 4 years old

A simple spinal reflex goes along which of the following reflex arcs?

A) receptor, efferent neuron, integration center, afferent neuron, effector
B) receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector
C) effector, efferent neuron, integration center, afferent neuron, receptor
D) effector, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, receptor

Mixed cranial nerves containing both motor and sensory fibers include all except which of the following?

A) oculomotor
B) facial
C) vestibulocochlear
D) trigeminal

Transduction refers to conversion of ________.

A) receptor energy to stimulus energy
B) stimulus information to nerve impulses
C) presynaptic nerve impulses to postsynaptic nerve impulses
D) afferent impulses to efferent impulses

________ always takes a nonspecific ascending pathway.

A) Arousal
B) Temperature
C) Touch
D) Pain

The flexor muscles in the anterior arm (biceps brachii and brachialis) are innervated by what nerve?

A) ulnar
B) radial
C) musculocutaneous
D) median

The cranial nerves that have neural connections with the tongue include all except the ________.

A) glossopharyngeal
B) trigeminal
C) facial
D) trochlear

Problems in balance may follow trauma to which nerve?

A) trigeminal
B) accessory
C) vestibulocochlear
D) abducens

A fracture of the ethmoid bone would result in damage to which cranial nerve?

A) glossopharyngeal
B) vagus
C) olfactory
D) accessory

Select the statement that is most correct.

A) Ganglia are collections of neuron cell bodies in the CNS that are associated with efferent fibers.
B) The dorsal root ganglion is a motor-only structure.
C) The cell bodies of afferent ganglia are located in the spinal cord.
D) Afferent nerve fibers contain cell bodies of sensory neurons.

An improperly delivered gluteal injection could result in ________.

A) sciatica
B) neurofibromatosis
C) postpoliomyelitis muscular atrophy
D) paresthesia

Which nerve does not use the jugular foramen as a route of exit from the skull?

A) glossopharyngeal
B) accessory
C) trigeminal
D) vagus

The peripheral nervous system includes ________.

A) the spinal cord
B) basal nuclei
C) sensory receptors
D) the corpus callosum

Feeling a gentle caress on your arm would likely involve all of the following except ________.

A) root hair plexuses
B) Meissnerʹs corpuscles
C) Pacinian corpuscles
D) Merkel discs

A patient who received a blow to the side of the skull exhibits the following signs and symptoms on that side of the face: he is unable to close his eye, and the corner of his mouth droops. Which cranial nerve has been damaged?

A) hypoglossal
B) glossopharyngeal
C) accessory
D) facial

The circuit level of the somatosensory system involves CNS centers in all of the following except the ________.

A) brain stem
B) spinal cord
C) thalamus
D) cerebral cortex

The projection level of the brain does not include the ________.

A) basal nuclei
B) reticular formation
C) brain stem nuclei
D) cerebellum

If the ventral root of a spinal nerve were cut, what would be the result in the tissue or region that nerve supplies?

A) complete loss of sensation
B) a complete loss of voluntary movement
C) loss of neither sensation nor movement but only of autonomic control
D) a complete loss of sensation and movement

________ law states that any nerve serving a muscle that produces movement at a joint also innervates the joint itself and the skin over the joint.

________ are modified free-nerve endings found in the stratum germinativum.

The perineurium defines the boundary of a ________.

The ________ nerve is the largest of the cranial nerves.

Ventral spinal cord roots contain ________ fibers, while the dorsal roots contain ________ fibers.

The facial nerve is cranial nerve number ________.

________ is a protective reflex that overrides the spinal pathways and prevents any other reflexes from using them at the same time.

________ is the tingling sensation or numbness when blood has been cut off from an area, as when the foot ʺgoes to sleep.ʺ

Pain perception is involved in the ________ ascending pathways of the somatosensory system.

Complex motor behavior such as walking depends on ________ patterns.

The meningeal branch of a spinal nerve actually reenters the vertebral canal to innervate the meninges and blood vessels. True or False
True False

In the somatosensory system there are no third-order neurons in the cerebellum. True or False
True False

There are 41 pairs of spinal nerves. True or False
True False

The glossopharyngeal nerve is the only cranial nerve that contains sensory fibers. True or False
True False

The musculocutaneous nerve is a major nerve of the brachial plexus. True or False
True False

The second cranial nerve forms a chiasma at the base of the brain for partial crossover of neural fibers. True or False
True False

The only cranial nerves to extend beyond the head and neck region are the vagus nerves. True or False
True False

The dorsal ramus consists only of motor fibers bringing information to the spinal cord. True or False
True False

Dermatomes are skin segments that relate to sensory innervation regions of the spinal nerves. True or False
True False

Spinal roots and rami are similar in that they both contain sensory and motor fibers. True or False
True False

Irritation of the phrenic nerve may cause diaphragm spasms called hiccups. True or False
True False

The obturator nerve branches from the sacral plexus. True or False
True False

Reciprocal inhibition means that while one sensory nerve is stimulated, another sensory neuron in the same area is inhibited and cannot respond. True or False
True False

External strabismus and ptosis could be caused by damage to the oculomotor nerve. True or False
True False

External strabismus and ptosis could be caused by damage to the oculomotor nerve. True or False
True False