CRJ121 Final

Which of the following is required level of proof for an officer to make an arrest without a warrant?

Why is it that the prosecution is the first to present evidence at trial?

Which primary classification of punishment places emphasis on the offender being held responsible for his actions?

Which of the following would not be grounds for a criminal appeal?

Which of the following is not a signiicant aspect of problem-solving courts?

Which of the following is not one of the six principles for problem-solving courts by the Center for Court Innovation?

In which of the following situations, if any, can an offender not usually appeal his/her case in most states?

Which Primary classification of punishment places emphasis on deterrence of future offenses?

The right of defendant to confront witnesses against him/her is found in the_______Amendment of the United States Constitution.

The ________ Amendment of the United States Constitution holds that states must follow due process.

The ___________ Amendment of the United States Constitution requires the federal government to take a case forward by means of a grand jury indictment.

The right against self-incrimination is found in the ________ Amendment o the United States Constitution.

Which of the following sub-classifications of punishment focus less on the offender and more on the injury caused to the victim and community?

In which of the following circumstances is a defense appeal filed after adjudication allowed?

In which of the following is not an example of restorative justice in practice?

In which of the following did not lea to the increase in the popularity of drug courts?

In which of the following is not a typical component of drug treatment courts?

In which of the following is the term used by the appellate court when upholding a lower court's decision?

Ensuring the punishment outweighs potential benefits of crime is the primary consideration when considering how much to punish for which of the following approaches is punishment?

In a jury trial, who determines the facts of the case?

Federal grand juries are typically composed of ____ people.(The answer requires a number)

The _____ Amendment of the United States Constitution requires that excessively high Bail not to be handed down.

In a jury trail, who determines the law to be applied?

A bifurcated trial is one that_________.

An appellate court may rule in favor of the defendant yet rule that a new trial is not warranted based on the _____.

In which of the following pieces of legislation provided a major boost, both in publicity and financially, to domestic violence courts?

Community courts are typically located_____.

Which of the following violations, according to the U.S. Supreme Court, is never a harmless error and, if proven, results in an automatic reversal of conviction?

The argument against the death penalty on the grounds that it is "cruel and unusual" stems from the ____ Amendment of the United States Constitution.

In most state, in order to acquit a defendant, what is the maximum number of jurors that can vote to convict?

Which of the following is used to state the desire of the defendant not to contest the charge?

In which of the following pre-trial motions can the prosecution request certain types of evidence from the defense in many states?

Approximately what percentage of convictions in federal court results from guilty pleas?

According to research, which of the following is not a significant factor predicting the likelihood of a hung jury?

Which of the following is considered the most legally legitimate factor when considering sentencing?

Most states refer to their court of last resort as the____________ court.

Which of the following is not a standard sentence for those convicted in homeless court?

Which specialized court focuses not on adjudication of new offenses but on helping offenders integrate back into the community upon release?

The federal appellate court system is made up of _____ and the U.S. Supreme Court.

Which of the following are judges not to take into consideration when determining sentence?

_________is the name of a court-ordered appearance to testify at trial?

Ad hoc plea bargaining refers to _____.

The primary benefit of plea bargaining is that_____.

Evidence given by a witness at trial is based on information provide by someone else is known as _______.

Judges are not allowed to take race, gender, and social class into consideration when sentencing. Such classifications are considered _________ classifications.

In order to bridge the gap between rich and poor defendants, the U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that indigent defendants are afforded the right to counsel for how many appeals?

What is the primary goal of juvenile courts?

Drug courts, domestic violence courts  and mental health courts are all known collectively as _____________ courts.

As it applies to American law, habeas corpus is found in ______.

__________ is defined as the degree to which the offender may be blamed or held responsible for the consequences (or risked consequences) of the act.

In most state, to convict a defendant, the jury's verdict must be __________.

Which state actually banned plea bargaining?

____________ is a two-way process in which both the prosecution and defense must exchange certain types of evidence.

__________ is the term for the statement of facts given by an officer to a judge when requesting a warrant.

Another term for a jury that is deadlocked is a _______ jury.

Which of the primary classifications of punishment is deemed as "forward-looking" approach?

Appeals typically rest on the contention that the defendant's __________ were violated.

Courts designed to help bring the mentally ill out of the prison system and get them the help they need are known as _________________.

Which of the following offenders would be least likely to be admitted into the specialized court system?

___________ appeals is the term for appeals filed before the verdict is read.

A student's Friend is arrested, convicted, and sentenced for shoplifting. Later, that student, although tempted, decides not to shoplift, remembering what happened to his friend. This is a classic example of _____.

Each witness who is called to testify in the case is questioned first by the side that called the witness. This is referred to as the ________ of the witness.

The process by which a defendant who has plead guilty explains the crime to the judge is known as __________.

____________ is the term for the questioning of prospective jurors.

Certain categories of individuals cannot be compelled to testify. These types of communication are referred to as __________.

Making punishment equal to the harm caused by the offender is the primary consideration when considering how much to punish for which of the following approaches to punishment?

___________ is the name for an appeal that challenges the reason for the defendant's confinement.

Restorative justice focuses on two things: harm and ____________.

The most popular type of problem-solving court in the United States is __________.

Appellate courts focus on matters of ______, not the facts of the case.

Ensuring that the punishment reflects the offenders need for reform is the primary consideration when considering how much to punish for which of the following approaches to punishment?

The purpose of the________________is to summarize the case for the jury and to persuade the jury to either convict or acquit the defendant.

If the grand jury refuses to indict the defendant, it is referred to as a_________.

A(n) ________plea is one in which the defendant enters a guilty plea but denies having committed the crime to which he or she is pleading.

What is the level of proof required for the prosecution to overcome the presumption of innocence in a criminal trial?

In most jurisdictions, sentences of less than one year are served where?

The______________clause prevents the state or federal government from prosecuting an individual for the same crime more than once.

Drug treatment programs typically last about how long?

Evidence such as sworn statements of witnesses and victims are know as ____.

A pre-trial motion to exclude evidence obtained illegally is referred to as a ___________________?

The federal courts appeals consist of 11 for the states, 1 federal circuit, and 1
for – 

Rights that are “essential of the concept of ordered liberty” are referred to as – 

 The consensus view is that of those who view the laws as generally good and fair
for society 
True False

What is the principle establishing the value and authority of precedent

Which of the following group or individual literally makes law 

The fourth amendment
bans all searches and seizures that are

Which metaphor best
describes the due process model of the criminal justice process – 

The requirement of the
Miranda warning is based in which amendment 

Which is the only court
that sets precedent for all U.S. courts –

In the majority of
states, which is the court level “of last resort” in the state system 

Which of the following
rights are not found in the sixth amendment – 

Which of the following
is the first stage in the criminal trial process – 

In a criminal case, the
required level of burden of proof is –

Which of the following
is not a function of the courts –

How many U.S. supreme
court justices must vote to hear a case in order to grant a writ of certiorari
– 

States are required to
give effective assistance of counsel to indigent defendants 

Several primary sources
of law include common law and legislative law – 
True False

In order to include
more rights in the constitution, the –

________amendment requires that warrants must be particular  about places to searched

– is the term for the formal document charging a defendant with a crime

The concept of
incorporation relates to the due clause of the _________ amendment 

According to the conflict
perspective of law, laws work for the benefit of –

In a criminal trial,
the burden of proof lied on which party –

The protection from
double jeopardy is found in the _________
amendment 

Which of the following
is the term for guilty act – 

Between which two
levels of proof does “clear and convincing evidence” lie –

Which of the following
confers jurisdiction upon a court 

The U.S supreme court
rules that due to the right of a speedy trial, accused defendants must stand
trial within 30 days of their arrest 

31 states are
categorized into the 11 circuit courts by – 

The common law was
created by

The______________ amendment guarantees
right to counsel 

What are the two ways
that charges may be filed against a defendant – 

Appellate courts exist
to retry cases that have been appealed by the defense –

Due process applies to
anyone threatened by the states with loss of life, liberty, or property 

Were a law to be passed
and used to prosecute and individual for engaging in the prohibited activity
before the law was passed, this law would be considered –

Which of the commonly
held right is not expressly given in the bill of rights but is merely inferred

The nation’s prosecutor
is called 

- Jurisdiction refers to the authority
of courts to hear cases that arise within specified boundaries such as a city,
county, state, or country  

How
are federal U.S. Attorneys selected -

The American court
system is based on which of the following systems of justice – 

Which of the following
is not the responsibility of a judge –

Details of the right to
a trial by jury are given in the____________
amendment of the united states constitution 

In the majority of
states, how is the chief local prosecuting attorney selected

The American court
The right to assistance
of counsel for the accused is found in the______
amendment of the united states constitution 

Which player in the
courtroom workgroup decides whether a plea bargain will be offered 

The defendants right to
refrain from testifying at trail is found in the________ amendment of the united states constitution 

In most cases, who
decides whether or not to charge a suspect with an offense 

The supreme court held
that the right of a defendant to self represent stems from the _______ amendment of the united
states constitution 

Which player in the
courtroom workgroup decides whether a case will be tried in front of a jury or
merely a judge (bench trial) –

A jury with fewer than
six members is –Unconstitutional  

who establishes the
starting point from which a plea bargain is reached – 

the right to have an
attorney provided to indigent defendants has not always been a part of the
right to counsel 

in relation to the
staff members in a courtroom, a judge is often considered 

most states use how
many jurors for trials involving felonies –

evidence that is
favorable to the defendant is called – 

defendants who cannot
afford an attorney are known as 

given the system of
separation of powers and checks and balances, which branch government has
superiority over the others –

the name for the group
of individuals who report for jury duty at a given time is the 

impeachment evidence is
any evidence that –

according the supreme
court, defense counsel, even that provided by the court must be not only
available but effective 

how are federal judges
selected – 

the option of jury
nullification is found –

which of the following
is the primary purpose of the prosecutor during a trial – 

public defender offices
routinely employ full time investigators 

should a judge leave
office before the end of term in a state that selects judges via election,
which of the following most commonly occurs – 

what option are
available to the court if a jury engages in jury nullification 

Prosecutors are
actively involved in almost every step of the criminal justice process 

Ensuring
confidentiality is vital for an effective legal representation 

Judges have the final
say on with what crimes a defendant is charged 

The jury serves as the
representative of 

In most offices, the
chief prosecutor functions more as a cooperate manager than a prosecuting
attorney

For defense attorneys a
“successful” case often means a reduction in sentence via a plea bargain, not
an acquittal

 hearings is the name of the stage of the pre-trial
process in which the judge hears motions to suppress, motions to dismiss, or
discovery motions 

Under the law, the
jury’s role in the process, is that of___
finder

The new trend in the
criminal justice system in which police, prosecutors, and communities work
together to increase community safety and quality of life is known as –

Defense attorneys are
assigned the dual task of defending their clients to the best of their ability
while still acting both _____ and ______.

The unofficial practice
of the president deferring to the wishes of the senator from the state where a
vacancy exists is known as

The use of peremptory
challenges on the basis of ___________ has been ruled unconstitutional