-
In general, progressives differed from labor and farm advocates in which way?
Progressives were mostly middle-class urban reformers
-
The Pendleton Act of 1883
after President Garfield was shot, this act established the Civil Service Commission to fill federal jobs by examination rather than by the spoils system
-
Mugwumps were reformers who
hated the spoils system of rewarding party loyalists with gov't jobs and advocated civil service reform
-
During the late 1800s, which state took the lead in educational reform by setting standards for free, mandatory public schooling and free textbooks for students?
Massachusetts
-
The first federal law ever passed to regulate trusts was the
Sherman Antitrust Act
-
Why did Congress abandon efforts to enforce black voting rights and fair elections in the South after 1892?
In the elections of 1890 and 1892, voters largely rejected Republicans and their policies, giving control of Congress and the presidency to the Democrats
-
In what way did American politics change during the mid-1890s?
Blacks were formally disenfranchised in the South, Democrats became virtually the only political party in the South for decades, Republicans dominated national politics for the next forty years
-
Advocates of free silver believed it would
produce a larger and more flexible money supply that would lead to a fairer economy and foster social reforms
-
One reason for fanning the fire of racial prejudice in the South was
Southern leaders fears a coalition between poor whites and African Americans in the Populists Party
-
The Supreme Court's Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) decision
Stated that legal segregation was acceptable under the "separate but equal" principle
-
Before becoming president in 1901, Theodore Roosevelt had been
a Mugwump, a popular hero of the Spanish-American War, governor of New York, Assistant Secretary of the Navy
-
In a landmark decision regarding the Northern Securities Company, the U.S. Supreme Court
ordered the Northern Securities Company railroad trust dissolved
-
The Supreme Court's 1908 decision in Muller v. Oregon upheld a law
limiting the workday for women to ten hours
-
The Niagara Movement called for
full voting rights for blacks, and end to legal segregation, equal treatment for blacks in the justice system, equal opportunity for blacks in jobs, healthcare, and military service
-
Between 1910–1917, all the industrial states enacted laws
providing insurance for on-the-job accidents.
-
In the early 1900s, the Industrial Workers of the World were committed to
a new society run by workers
-
In the early twentieth century, the fiery Georgia populist Tom Watson
argued against full political or social equality for blacks
-
The Influence of Seapower upon History was written by
Alfred Thayer Mahan
-
The Venezuelan and Cuban crises were similar in that
they were examples of what change in US foreign policy towards Europe (Monroe Doctrine implication in Western Hemisphere (Roosevelt Corollary)
-
When William McKinley became president in 1897 and had to deal with the rebellion in Cuba, he
took a tougher stance against the Spanish than Cleveland had taken
-
After the explosion of the battleship Maine, a U.S. naval board of inquiry blamed the sinking on
a Spanish mine to get support for the Spanish American War
-
The Teller Amendment promised that the United States
had no intention of annexing Cuba
-
President McKinley and the Republicans jumped at the chance to hold the Philippine Islands because
it would give the US a foothold in the Pacific near the Asian markets
-
The American victory at San Juan Hill in Cuba can be credited largely to
- 4 African American US regiments
-
In the guerrilla war that followed the conquest of the Philippines
the conflict far exceeded in ferocity the war just concluded with Spain
-
Theodore Roosevelt's strategic thinking about U.S. foreign policy was shaped, in part, by his
belief in the duty of the "civilized" countries of the world to police and subdue "backward" people
-
The Open Door Notes called for
France, Germany, Britain, Italy, Japan, and Russia to formally declare that they would uphold Chinese territorial and administrative integrity and would not interfere with the free use of treaty ports within their spheres of influence in China
-
In the late 1800s and early 1900s, which nation's growing power in East Asia most surprised Europe and the United States?
Japan
-
The United States was cleared to begin its quest for an American-controlled Central American canal project with the
Hay-Pauncefote Agreement
-
In order to build the Panama Canal, the United States
lent covert assistance to free Panama from Colombia
-
The action which gave the United States the right to intervene in Cuba if its independence was threatened was the
Platt Amendment
-
Which of the following was a factor that contributed to the rising tensions in Europe in the early 1900s and eventually led to the outbreak of World War I?
Archduke Franz Ferdinand's assassination, submarine attacks, Zimmerman telegraph
-
World War I began as a direct result of the assassination by a Serbian revolutionary of the heir to the throne of
Austro-Hungary
-
Woodrow Wilson wished to keep the United States neutral at the outbreak of World War I primarily because he
wanted to arbitrate among the combatants and to influence the settlement of the war
-
the development of the modern bureaucratic state was
the development of the modern bureaucratic state
-
Margaret Sanger is most famous for supporting
birth control
-
African Americans who served in World War I returned home to find
discrimination and race riots
-
The prominent politician who fanned fears of domestic radicalism after a bomb exploded outside his home in 1919 was
Mitchell Palmer
-
The Palmer raids and the Sacco-Vanzetti trial indicate
The need for conformity during war time
-
Harding campaigned on the platform of returning to “normalcy,” which meant
a strong pro-business stance and conservative cultural values
-
As secretary of commerce under Warren Harding, Herbert Hoover
- believed that responsible cooperation between
- government, the American people (consumers/ workers) and corporations would advance the economy and the standard of living in America
-
A major scandal in Harding's administration named after the national oil reserves it involved was
Teapot Dome Scandal
-
A political virtue of Calvin Coolidge, who became president on Harding's death in 1923, was his
austere morality, which contrasted greatly with the cronyism of the Harding Administration
-
The culture wars of the 1920s were due in part to
to the tremendous growth of cities from immigration and rural migration
-
The emergency immigration restrictions in 1921 were made more restrictive with the
the National Origins Act
-
How did the U.S. government change immigration restrictions during the 1920s?
the National Origins Act (1924) set immigration quotas at 2% of each nationality
-
The rise of the Ku Klux Klan and the National Origins Act represented a resurgence of
Nativism
-
The rejuvenated Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s
targeted Catholics and Jews
-
The concept that championed black racial pride and cultural identity in the 1920s was known as the
Harlem Renaissance
-
American literary figures of the 1920s, such as Ernest Hemingway, T. S. Eliot, and F. Scott Fitzgerald
rejected American materialism, complacency, and anti-intellectualism
-
Throughout the 1920s, which sector of the American economy was in the worst shape?
Agriculture
-
What was a major weakness of the economy of the 1920s?
Lack of credit, soaring cost of farm products, unequal distribution of wealth
-
Following the stock market crash of October 1929,
led to the Great Depression
-
An effect of the Great Depression was
unemployment, decrease in population, banks closed
-
Hoover was hated during the Depression, partially because of the public perception that he
was insensitive to people's suffering and was a "do-nothing" president
-
The protest that caused the biggest blow to Hoover's popularity was the
Bonus Army
-
During the 1932 presidential campaign, Franklin Roosevelt promised
bold, persistent experimentation
-
The first action Roosevelt took to help the crisis was to
declare a bank holiday that allowed only sound banks to reopen
-
The Emergency Banking Act of 1933
prevented all banks from reopening until treasury inspectors could examine their books and ascertain that they had sufficient cash reserves
-
The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
Protected farmers from price drops by providing crop subsidies to reduce production, educational programs to teach methods of preventing soil erosion
-
For southern black sharecroppers, the New Deal's AAA often meant that
blacks were pushed off their land
-
What was Franklin Roosevelt's attitude toward the federal government providing welfare payments to the unemployed?
He found it distasteful, preferring to provide jobs over cash subsidies
-
The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
provide government jobs in reforestation, flood control, and other conservation projects to young men
-
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) was
designed to regulate the issue of new securities and required all stock exchanges to be licensed by them
-
In 1934, the Liberty League was organized by
business leaders and conservative Democrats who opposed New Deal reforms
-
Schechter v. United States struck down the NRA because it said the NRA
illegally regulated commerce within individual states
-
Deciding that Roosevelt had not done enough to alleviate suffering, Francis Townsend called for
an old-age revolving pension plan
-
Senator Huey Long from Louisiana was one of Roosevelt's largest threats with his
Share Our Wealth plan
-
The New Deal program most applauded by union labor was the
National Recovery Act
-
Which legislation was passed to undermine Huey Long's support?
Wealth Tax
-
What was done to disable Francis Townsend's support?
Social Security Administration
-
A failure of the Social Security Act was that it
did not include national health insurance
-
The New Deal's greatest legacy is that it
exerted federal power over the economy
-
What led to the rise of the Nazi Party in Germany?
-
The United States' initial response to world problems in the 1930s was
neutrality
-
The Nye Committee report stated that
war profiteers had maneuvered the nation into WWI for financial gain
-
The Neutrality Act of 1935 and its 1936 and 1937 amendments
stipulated that when the president proclaimed the existence of a foreign war, Americans would be prohibited from sailing on the ships of the warring nations
-
The “cash-and-carry” provision of the 1937 Neutrality Act stated that
the US would sell arms to Spain if they paid for them in cash and picked them up
-
World War II began in Europe when
Germany invaded Poland
-
The principles of freedom of the seas, national self-determination, and collective security were reiterated in
the Atlantic Charter
-
What did President Roosevelt call “a date that will live in infamy”?
Pearl Harbor
-
According to the textbook, the most decisive American factor in determining World War II's outcome was
the immense production of war material and other needed supplies
-
A Progressive-era reform that was undermined by the government's action during World War II was
Women's rights
-
What progressive legislation was passed during World War II to encourage women workers in the war effort?
equal pay for equal work
-
The GI Bill of Rights provided
education, medical care, pensions, and mortgage loans to veterans
-
Japanese Americans on the West Coast were interned during World War II because
the West Coast was considered to be vulnerable to attack by Japanese forces, and inflammatory rhetoric demanded that the region be rid of supposed Japanese spies
-
Why did the United States participate in World War II?
Pearl Harbor
-
During World War II, the “big three” consisted of
US, Great Britain, Soviet Union
-
The turning point of World War II in Europe came when the
Germans were defeated at Stalingrad
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