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bronch/o, bronchi/o
means bronchi
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-ectasis
means stretching
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ox/o, ox/o, ox/y
means oxygen
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phon/o
means voice or sound
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pneum/o, pneumon/o, pneu-
means lung or air
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pulm/o, pulmon/o
means lung
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thorac/o, -thorax
means chest
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nas/o
means nose
exchanges air during inhaling and exhaling; warms, moisturizes, and filters inhaled air.
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sinus/o
means sinuses
provides mucus, makes bones of the skull lighter, aids in sound production
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epiglott/o
means epiglottis
closes off the trachea during swallowing
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pharyng/o
means pharynx
transports air to and from the nose to the trachea
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laryng/o
means larynx
makes speech possible
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trache/o
means trachea
transports air to and from the pharynx to the bronchi
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bronc/o, bronchi/o
means bronchi
transports air from the trachea into the lungs
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alveol/o
means alveoli
air sacs that exchange gases with the pulmonary capillary blood
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anoxia
the absence or almost complete absence of oxygen from inspired gases, arterial blood, or tissues
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anthracosis
aka: black lung disease
caused by coal dust in lungs
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aphonia
the loss of the ability to produce normal speech sounds
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apnea
the absence of spontaneous respiration
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asbestosis
caused by asbestos particles in the lungs and is found in workers from the shipbuilding and construction trades
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asphyxia
the pathologic changes caused by a lack of oxygen in air that is breathed in
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asphyxiation
aka: suffocation
any interruption of breathing resulting in the loss of consciousness or death
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asthma
a chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing
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atelectasis
aka: collapsed lung
a condition in which the lung fails to expand because air cannot pass beyond the bronchioles that are blocked by secretions
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bradypnea
an abnormally slow rate of respiration usually of less than 10 breaths per minute
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bronchiectasis
chronic dilation (enlargement) of bronchi or bronchioles resulting from an earlier lung infection that was not cured
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bronchoconstrictor
an agent that narrows the opening of the passages into the lungs
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bronchodilator
an agent that expands the opening of the passages into the lungs
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bronchopneumonia
form of pneumonia that begins in the bronchioles
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bronchorrhagia
bleeding from the bronchi
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bronchorrhea
an excessive discharge of mucus from the bronchi
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bronchoscopy
the visual examination of the bronchi using a bronchoscope
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Cheyne-Stokes respiration
is a pattern of alternating periods of hyperpnea (rapid breathing), hyponea (slow breathing), and apnea (the absence of breathing)
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croup
an acute respiratory syndrome in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and a barking cough
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cystic fibrosis
is a genetic disorder in which the lungs are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus
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diphtheria
an acute infectious disease of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the presence of diphtheria bacteria
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dysphonia
any voice impairment including hoarseness, weakness, or loss of voice
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dyspnea
aka: shortness of breath
difficult or labored breathing
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emphysema
the progressive loss of lung function due to a decrease in the total number of alveoli, the enlargement of the remaining alveoli, and then the progressive destruction of their walls
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empyema
aka: pyothorax
an accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity
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endotracheal intubation
the passage of a tube through the nose or mouth into the trachea to establish an airway
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epiglottis
inflammation fo the epiglottis
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epistaxis
aka: nosebleed
bleeding from the nose, usually caused by an injury, excessive use of blood thinners, or bleeding disorders
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hemoptysis
spitting of blood or blood-stained sputum derived from the lungs or bronchial tubes as the result of a pulmonary or bronchial hemorrhage
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hemothorax
an accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity
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hyperpnea
an abnormal increase in the depth and rate of the respiratory movements
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hypoxia
the condition of having subnormal oxygen levels in the cellsthat is less severe than anoxia
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influenza
aka: flu
an acute, highly contagious viral respiratory infection, spread by respiratory droplets, that occurs most commonly during the colder months
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inhalation
aka: inhaling
the act of taking in air to the diaphram contract and pulls downward
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laryngectomy
the surgical removal of the larynx
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laryngitis
an inflammation of the larynx
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laryngoplasty
the surgical repair of the larynx
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laryngoplegia
paralysis of the larynx
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laryngoscopy
the visual examination of the larynx using a laryngoscope
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laryngospasm
a sudden spasmodic closure of the larynx
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mediastinum
aka: interpleural space
located between the lungs
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mycoplasma pneumonia
aka: mycoplasmal or walking pneumonia
a milder but longer lasting form of the disease caused by the fungus Mycoplasma pneumoniae
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nasopharyngitis
and upper respiratory infection (URI)
among the terms used to describe the common cold
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otolaryngologist
aka: otorhinolaryngologist
a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the ears, nose and throat
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otorhinolaryngologist
aka: otolaryngologist
a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the ears, nose and throat
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pertussis
aka: whooping cough
a contagious bactterial infection of the upper respiratory tract that is characterized by a paroxysmal (sudden or spasm like) cough
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pharyngitis
aka: sore throat
an inflammation of the pharynx
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pharyngoplasty
the surgical repair of the pharynx
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pharyngorrhagia
is bleeding from the pharynx
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pleuralgia
pain in the pleura or in the side
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pleurectomy
the surgical removal of part of the pleura
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pleurisy
an inflammation of the visceral and patietal pleura in the thoracic cavity
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pneumoconiosis
an abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs that usually develops after years of environmental or occupational contact
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Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
caused by an infection with the parasite Pneumocystis carinii. PCP is an opportunistic infection that frequently occures when the immune system is weakened by an HIV infection
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pneumonectomy
the surgical removal of all or part of a lung
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pneumorrhagia
bleeding from the lungs
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pneumothorax
an accumulation of air or gas in the pleural space causing the lung to collapse
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pulmonologist
a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the lungs and associated tissues
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pyothorax
aka: empyema
an accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity
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rhinorrhea
aka: runny nose
an excessive flow of mucus from the nose
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sinusitis
an inflammation of the sinuses
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sinusotomy
a surgical incision into a sinus
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spirometry
a testing method that uses a spirometer to record the volume of air inhaled or exhaled and the length of time each breath takes
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tachypnea
an abnormally rapid rate of respiration usually of more than 20 breaths per minute
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thoracentesis
the puncture of the chest wall with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity for diagnostic purposes, to drain pleural effusions, or to reexpand a collapsed lung
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thoracostomy
the surgical creation of an opening into the chest
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thoracotomy
a surgical incision into the wall of the chest
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tracheitis
an inflammation of the trachea
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tracheoplasty
the surgical repair of the trachea
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tracheostomy
creating an opening into the trachea and inserting a tube to facilitate the passage of air or the removal of secretions
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tracheotomy
usually an emergency procedure in which an incision is made into the trachea to gain access to the airway below a blockage
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tuberculosis
an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB usually attacks the lungs
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phen
means diaphragm or mind
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