What vessels are used to identify adnexal borders?
Internal iliac artery
What is the normal measurement of endometrium?
2-3mm
What does the term "tip of the iceberg" refer to?
Dermoid
What does the banana sign refer to?
Arnold -Chiari Syndrome
What does the lemon sign refer to?
Spina bifada
What condition displays cystic hygroma?
Turner's Syndrome
What is the villi on the maternal side of the placenta?
Decidua Basalis
What is the villi surrounding the chorionic sac?
Decidua Capsularis
What is the most common Gyn malignancy?
Endometrial Cancer
What lab test is a marker for Ovarian Cancer?
CA 125
What is the space in which the fetus exists?
Amniotic cavity
What surrounds the amniotic cavity?
Chorionic cavity
What is the most accurate measurement of the embryo in the 1st trimester?
CRL - Crown Rump Length
What is the first site of the formation of red blood cells that will nourish the embryo?
Primary Yolk Sac
What is the Embryonic phase?
6-10 weeks
When is the beginning of the Fetal Period?
11-12 weeks
What is sonography used for in the 1st trimester?
Hint - 6
1) See location of gestational sac
2) Identify embryonic gestation
3) Determine embryo viability
4) Determine number of embryos
5) Estimate menstrual age of pregnancy
6) Indentify fetal anomalies
What is interface between endometrium and decidual capsularis?
Double decidual sac sign
When is the heart beat detected?
5 1/2 weeks
What part of the fetus is developed from ectoderm?
Spine
What is a partial or complete absence of the cranium?
Acrania
What is a protrusion of the brain from the cranial cavity?
Cephalocele
What is the term for pregnancy in the fallopian tune near corner of uterus?
Interstitial pregnancy
What syndrome presents with short stature, low set ears, shield-shaped chest and infertility in females?
Turner's syndrome
What appears as an echogenic mass at the base of umbilical cord at 8-12 weeks?
Bowel herniation
What is the most common ovarian mass seen in 1st trimester?
Corpus luteum cyst
What is the most common occurance of bleeding in the 1st trimester?
Subchorionic hemorrhage
What condition gives a snowstorm appearance on ultrasound?
Hydatidiform molar pregnancy
In developing fetus - is the right or left lobe of liver larger?
left
What is the vascular makeup of the umbilical cord?
1 large vein and 2 small arteries
What is the function of the amniotic fluid?
Hint - 3
1) Allows fetus to move
2) Maintain intrauterine pressure
3) Protects fetus from injury
What fetal measurements are taken in 2nd trimester?
Hint - 4
1) BPD - Biparietal Diameter
2) HC - Head circumference
3) AC - Adbominal circumference
4) FL - Fetal length
What is decreased rate of fetal growth?
IUGR - Intra-Uterine Growth Restriction
What are the 5 parameters of Biophysical profile - BPP?
1) Cardia
2) Fetal breathing
3) Fetal body movements
4) Fetal tone
5) Amniotic fluid volume
What is Macrosomia?
Birth weight over 4000 grams
What is TOA?
Tubo-Ovarian Abscess
What is TOC?
Tubo-Ovarian Complex - Fusion of inflamed tube and ovary
What is menstrual age in pregnancy?
Date of LMP
What is heterotopic pregnancy?
Ectopic and intrauterine pregnancy simultaneously
What is known as silent cancer?
Ovarian cancer
What is the period between 6-12 weeks?
Embryonic period
What is the function of the Yolk Sac?
Hint - 4
1) Nutrition
2) Hematopoiesis
3) Forms primary gut
4) Predicts viability
What is process of ovulation regulated by?
Hypothalamus
What is normal length of post-menopausal uterus?
3-5 cm
What is the largest functional cyst?
Theca-Lutein Cyst
What is a tumor of the endometrium?
Endometrioma
What is the most common type of ovarian cancer that is bilateral and loculated?
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
What is a rare uterine malignancy?
Leiomyosarcoma
4 characteristics of endometrial cancer
1) Most common gyn malignancy
2) Causes uterine bleeding
3) Associated with hormone therapy
4) More common with Obesity
What is an infection of endometrium?
Endometritis
What is a dizygotic?
2 separately fertilized ova
2 placentas
2 chorionic and amniotic sacs
What is monozygotic?
1 fertilized ovum
Identical twins
may have 1 or 2 placenta
dependent on early or late division
What is pre-eclampsia?
Hypertension induced by pregnancy
What does a decreased level of AFP indicate?
Chromosomal abnormalities
What condition is associated with abnormally small chin?
Micrognathia
What is an anterior abdominal wall defect in which abdominal organs are located within umbilical cord?
Omphalocele
What is dilation of jugular lymph sacs due to improper drainage of lymphatic system usually associated with Turner's syndrome?
Cystic hygroma
When is the ideal time for amniocentesis?
15-18 weeks gestation
What is CVS?
Chorionic villus sampling
What is used to determine separate gestatioal sacs in twins?
Injected indigo carmine dye