Skin test prior to administration of this/these vaccines in egg allergic patients.
yellow fever
influenza (only if mild reaction to eggs. If severe anaphylactic reaction to eggs, vaccine is contraindicated and skin testing should not be done. Chemoprophylaxis indicated.)
What do you do/not do in an egg allergic patient who needs the MMR vaccine?
Do NOT skin test (not enough egg antigen to make test reliable)
Do NOT withhold vaccine
Do give vaccine
consider monitoring for 90 minutes after administration
Which childhood vaccines are subQ
Which are oral
SubQ: MMR, varicella, IPV
Oral: rotavirus
Which vaccines are live
MMR
Varicella
Rotavirus
nasal flu
oral typhoid
yellow fever
This vaccine is contraindicated in immunocompromised children and those with immunocompromised people at home
oral polio vaccine (OPV)
caution with this/these vaccine/s in patients allergic to eggs
influenza (both kinds)
yellow fever
caution with this/these vaccine/s in patients allergic to stretomycin, neomycin, polymixin B
IPV
OPV
caution with this/these vaccine/s in patients allergic to neomycin
MMR
varicella
caution with this/these vaccine/s in patients allergic to gelatin
MMR
varicella
yellow fever
avoid these vaccines in pregnant patients
MMR
Varicella
intranasal flu
IPV
OPV
avoid these vaccines in patients who are breastfeeding
none ;-)
absolute contraindications to DTaP
encephalopathy within 7 days of previous dosing
anaphylaxis with previous dose
Relative contraindications to DTaP
temp >40.5 w/in 48hrs of previous dose with no other cause
collapse/shock like state w/in 48hrs of previous dose
seizures w/in 3 days of previous dose
persistent inconsolable crying within last 48 hours
absolute contraindications to MMR
anaphylaxis to neomycin or gelatin
pregnancy (no cases of vaccine induced congenital rubella syndrome; no need to teminate pregnancy if MMR given to pregnant woman)
immunodeficiency (except most HIV infected children can receive MMR)
Relative contraindications to MMR
recent IgG (give 2 weeks before or 3-12 months after IgG)
thrombocytopenia with first dose
high dose (2mg/kg/day or >20mg/day) oral corticosteroids for 14 days or more (wait 1 month from steroid discontinuation)
Why is OPV no longer recommended
vaccine associated paralysis
IPV does not cause this
Other than normal vaccination when shoule Hib be given or not given
do not give to normal child after age 5
give to child <24 months with invasive H. influenzae infection as natural immunity may not develop
give to all with functional/anatomic asplenia (sickle cell, other hemoglobiopathy, AIDS)
What do you give to a newborn with a HBsAg+ mother
HepB vaccine within 12 hours of delivery
HepB immunoglobulin within 12 hours of delivery at a different site
What do you give to a newborn whose mother's HBsAg status is unknown?
HepB vaccine within 12 hours of delivery
If testing shows mom is positive, give immunoglobulin to child within 1 week from delivery but preferrably ASAP
side effects of varicella vaccine
3-5% develop localized varicella-like rash w/in 1 month
3-5% develop generalized varicella-like rash w/in 1 month
if rash develops, keep children away from immunocompromised individuals
contraindications (and non-contraindications) for varicella vaccine
avoid immunocompromised patients (but HIV, hypogammaglobulinemia, dysgammaglobulinemia, oral steroids <2mg/kg/day and <20mg/day are ok)
Do not vaccinate pregnant women (but ok to give to child if mom is pregnant)
types and timing of pneumococcal vaccines
7-valent (PCV) at 2,4,6,12-15 months
give series to 24-59 unvaccinated month olds if high risk or moderate risk
high risk: SSD, asplenia, HIV, chronic cardio-pulm dz (not asthma), diabetes
moderate risk: daycare, native americans/alaskans, african americans
23 valent (PPSV) for children with immunodeficieny, asplenia, chronic disease
now give after PCV series completed, ideally at ages 2 and 5.
Who get meningococcal vaccine
universal recommendation for 11-12 year olds
2-10 year olds with terminal complement deficiency, asplenia, other high risk groups
those going into crowded living environments (college dorms, military barracks)
when do you give rotavirus vaccine
must start by 15 weeks
must complete before 8 months
RotaTeq 2,4,6 months
Rotarix 2,4 months
Remeber intussusception with old vaccine, not with new ones
What HPV serotypes does HPV vaccine prevent
6,11 cause >90% of genital warts
16,18 cause ~70% of cervical CA
Who get HPV vaccine and when
females age 9-26 (recently approved in males of same ages)
most start at 11-12 years
give a 0,2,6 months
Still give if history of HPV infection
vaccine at birth
HepB
vaccine at 1 month
Hep B
vaccines at 2 months
HepB (if not at 1 month)
DTaP
Hib
IPV
PCV
Rota
vaccines at 4 months
DTaP
Hib
IPV
PCV
Rota
Maybe HepB
vaccines at 6 months
DTaP
Hib
IPV
PCV
Rota
Maybe HepB
Maybe Influenza
vaccines at 12-15 months
MMR
Varicella
HepA (with 2nd dose 6-12 months later)
Hib
PCV
DTaP (15 months)
Maybe HepB
Maybe influenza
vaccines at 4-6 years
DTaP (not after age 7, switch to Tdap)
IPV
MMR (2nd dose can be given 1mo after first)
Varicella (2nd dose can be given 3mo after first)
Vaccines at 11-12 years
Tdap (then Td boosters q10yr or with injury)
HPV
MCV4
remeber to catch up on MMR, varicella, HepB
When is HepB vaccine given
1st dose as early as birth, at least by 2mo
2nd dose at least 1mo after 1st
3rd dose at least 4mo after 1st and 2mo after 2nd, not before 6mo of age
When is DTaP given
2,4,6,12-15,4-6yrs
switch to Tdap after 7 years
When is Hib given
2,4,6,12-15mo
some formulations do not require 6 mo dose
When is PCV given
2,4,6,12-15mo
when is IPV given
2,4,6mo
4-6yr