Trapezius PA (Origin)
<span style="text-decoration:underline;">Upper</span>: med 1/3 superior. nuchal line, ext. occipital protuberance, lig nuchae, SP C7
<span style="text-decoration:underline;">Middle</span>: SP T1‐6 &amp; supraspinous ligs
<span style="text-decoration:underline;">Lower</span>: SP T7‐12 &amp; supraspinous ligs

Trapezius DA (Insertion)
<span style="text-decoration:underline;">Upper</span>: post border lat 1/3 clavicle
<span style="text-decoration:underline;">Middle</span>: med border acromion &amp; sup lip of spine of scapula
<span style="text-decoration:underline;">Lower</span>: triangular area med to base of spine of scapula

Trapezius Innervation
<span style="text-decoration:underline;">Motor</span>: Spinal part of the accessory n. (CN 11) motor innervation
<span style="text-decoration:underline;">Sensory</span>: Branches from anterior rami(C3,4)

Trapezius blood supply
Variation 1 &ndash;Superficial cervical artery and posterior branches of the posterior intercostal arteries and or the dorsal scapular artery
Variation 2 ‐ Superficial branch of the transverse cervical artery and posterior branches of the posterior intercostal arteries and deep branch of the transverse cervical artery

Trapezius actions
<strong>Open Chain(OC)‐</strong>
<span style="text-decoration:underline;">Upper</span>: scapular elevation (upward slide and upward rotation)
<span style="text-decoration:underline;">Middle</span>: scapular retraction (medial slide and external rotation)
<span style="text-decoration:underline;">Lower</span>: scapular upward rotation and downward slide
<strong>Closed Chain (CC)‐</strong>
<span style="text-decoration:underline;">Upper:</span>Unilaterally: ipsilateral SB, contralateral. Rot head and neckBilaterally: extends neck and head
<span style="text-decoration:underline;">Middle and Lower:</span> not clinically significant

Latissimus Dorsi PA (origin)
T7‐12 SP, lumbar SP, median sacral crest, supraspinous ligs, and post iliac crest via the post layer thoracolumbar fascia, outer lip of post iliac crest lat to erector spinae, muscular slips to ribs 9 (10) ‐12

Latissimus Dorsi DA (Inesertion)
Floor of bicipital (intertubercular) groove

Latissimus Dorsi Innervation
Thoracodorsal nerve (C6,7,8)(a.k.a. ‐ Long or Middle subscapular nerve)

Latissimus Dorsi blood supply
Thoracodorsal artery, posterior branches of the posterior intercostal arteries and posterior branches off posterior lumbar arteries

Latissimus Dorsi actions
OC‐ adducts, extends, &amp; medial rot. humerus, assists with scapular depression (downward rotation &amp; inferior slide)
CC‐ trunk elevation

Rhomboid major PA (Origin)
SP T2‐5

Rhomboid major DA (Insertion)
Medial border of scapula between root of spine &amp; inferior border

Rhomboid Major innervation
Dorsal scapular nerve (C4,5)

Rhomboid Major blood supply
Deep branch of the transverse cervical artery or the dorsal scapular artery and posterior branches of the posterior intercostal arteries

Rhomboid Major actions
OC ‐ scapular retraction (medial slide and external rotation) &amp; downward rot. Assist with upper slide
CC ‐ not clinically significant

Rhomboid minor PA (Origin)
SP C7 &amp; T1 &amp; lower lig nuchae

Rhomboid minor DA (Insertion)
Medial border of scapula at level of root of spine

Rhomboid Minor innervation
Dorsal scapular nerve(C4,5)

Rhomboid Minor blood supply
Deep branch of the transverse cervical artery or the dorsal scapular artery and posterior branches of the posterior intercostal arteries

Rhomboid Minor actions
OC ‐ scapular retraction (medial slide and external rotation) &amp; downward rot. Assist with upper slide
CC ‐ not clinically significant

Levator scapula PA (Origin)
TP C1‐4, &amp; post tubercles of TP C3,4

Levator scapula DA (Insertion)
Med border scapula between sup angle and root of spine

Levator scapula innervation
Dorsal scapular nerve (C5) &amp; branch of (C3,4) spinal nerves

Levator scapula blood supply
Deep branch of the transverse cervical artery or the dorsal scapular artery and Posterior branches of the posterior intercostal arteries

Levator scapula actions
OC‐ upward slide &amp; downward rot. the scapula
CC‐ ipsilateral SB &amp; rot. of the neck