9th of AB
AD 70
-northern city falls
-second temple is destroyed and northern city falls
-jews forbiddin to visit jerusalem
Night Journey
Story of Muhammad traveling to Jerusalem on Baraq before ascending into heaven where he speaks with God directly and receives instructions to give to people
Abbasids
-dessert tribes
-overthrew the Umayyah
-3rd caliphae
Abd al-Malik
-Umayyad ruler who completed the dome of the rock
-improved road
-reforms coinage
Aelia Capitalina
-City built by Hadrian.
-Renamed Jerusalem after his family name.
-Not tolerant of Christianity
Al-Aqsa Mosque
-mosque built on top of the rock
al-Quds
Translated in Arabic, it means "The Holy". It is one of the names for Jerusalem
aliyah
-immigration of Jews from diaspora to the land of Israel
Armenian Quarter
-Southwest
Balfour Declaration
-british recognition of a jewish national home in palestine
Revolt of Bar Kokhba (Kosiba)
-second jewish revolt
-led by Simon Kosiba
British Mandate
Legal commission giving british rule over Palestine
Cardo Maximus
-north/south city streets
-turned Jerusalem into a typical roman city
Church of Anastasis
Christian quarter
-northwest corner
Constantine
-moved capital from rome to constantinople
-legalizes christianity through edict of milan
Damascus Gate
-main entrance to jerusalem
Dome of the Rock
-Where Abraham tried to sacrifice his son.
-Where Muhammad would make Ascension to heaven then return to Mecca.
Edicule(Holy Sepulcher)
tomb of jesus
Fatmids
-fatamid caliphate dynasty in Egypt.
-moved capital from bagdad to cairo
Furthest mosque
al aqsa mosque.
-Temple mount, place of the night journey.
General Allenby
British general who brought in troops and took Jerusalem from the Ottomans at the end of WWI
Golden Gate
-oldest gate
-believed to be where messiah will return
Godfrey of Bouillon
frankish knight,
-leader of the first crusade.
-Siege of JErusalem in 1099.
-Refused title of King
Hadrian
rebuilt the pantheon. built temple of aphrodite on golgotha. built many things, causing a jewish revolt which was surpressed by the Romans
Hanukkah
The eight-day festival commemorating the rededications of the Jerusalem temple after the maccabean revolt against the Syrians.
Haram esh-shariff
Is defined as temple mount in arabic. It is the place where Abraham built the alter. It is also the sight where king Solomon built the first temple, eventually destroyed by the Babylonians and rebuilt by Herod.
Hasmoneans
-alternative name for the Maccabeans
-family of Jewish priests that revolted against syria
hierosolyma
-greek name of Jerusalem
Hill of Offense
Southern part of Mount of olives
-called the Hill of Offense, because of a legend that upon it King Solomon erected altars to the gods of his thousand pagan wives
Helena
-mother of constantine
-pilgrimage and discovery of the true cross in 324
Church of the Holy Sepulcher
-In christian quarter
-jesus was crucified, buried and resurrectd
Jewish quarter
-south west Jerusalem
Julian
-Emperor of Rome
-rejected Christianity
Justinian
-emperor
-built Nea church
Jospehus
-Jew historian who described king herods life
Madaba Map
map of Christian Jerusalem during Justinian times;
-jerusalem is center
-shows Church of H.S., Damascus gate, Cardo Maximus road, Nea Church
Mamluk
1.) slave soldiers who converted to Islam. they
2.) eventually became a powerful military caste and even governed Egypt from 1250 to 1517.
3.) They destroyed the Crusader kingdoms of Outremer, and saved Syria, Egypt and the holy places of Islam from the Mongols.
Mosque of Omar
-located opposite the southern courtyard of the Holy speulcher
Muhammad
-founder of islam
Mughrabi Quarter
-extension of Muslim quarter
-A few days after the Six-Day War, Israel destroyed the Mughrabi quarter to build the Western Wall Plaza
Mount Moriah
-where the binding of Isaac took place
Mount Zion
-Temple mount
-Same as mount moriah
Mount of Olives
The name of the hillside where Jesus and his apostles went to after they celebrated their last Passover meal together
Muslim quarter
North eastern
Nachmanides
-a leading medieval Jewish scholar,Spanish Sephardic rabbi, philosopher,physician,kabbalist, and biblical commentator. He was raised, studied, and lived for most of his life inGirona, Catalonia.
Nehemiah
-Governor who rebuilds walls of the city, builds on Ezra's reforms,
-battles social injustice in Jerusalem
Omar, Ummayid caliph
638 AD takes Jerusalem from Byzantine
Nea church
a Byzantine church erected by the Byzantine Emperor Justinian
-Jewish quarter
Peel Plan
1st document that wanted partition of Palestine and internationalization of Jerusalem.
-rejected.
-Wanted to divide land between jews and palestinians
qiblah
direction of muslim prayer
Robinson's Arch
stood at southwest corner of temple mount. built during reconstruction of second temple by Herod the Great.
Salah ad-Din (Saladin)
-1st sultan of egypt.
-founded Ayyubid dynasty. Muslim who had control of all the crusader states
Simon Maccabeus
-Hasmonean prince, high priest
-leader of the Maccabean revolt against the Seleucid dynasty
-freed jews from Syrians
-killed by Ptolemy
Sasanians
-Persian Empire
-takes Palestine and Jerusalem in 614 from Byzantines
Solomon's stables
-muslim prayer hall under the al-aqsa mosque under temple mount. Base of southern wall of Temple mount
St. Anne's Church
-crusader church
- Built between 1131 and 1138
-dedicated to parents of St.Mary
-was not destroyed by saladin but converted to a madrasa or school seminary
Templum Solomoni
Templum Domini
-was a Christian church set up on the site of the Dome of the Rock during the crusades
Temple of Jupiter
Hadrian
Built a Temple of Jupiter in AD 135
Temple of Aphrodite
-Hadrian project
Sulieman the Magnificent
-10th sultan of Ottoman empire. during the peak of their power
-rebuilds walls of Jerusalem
-gives western wall to jews
-population tripled during his reign
Titus
-Roman ruler who destroyed Temple and Jerusalem in AD 70
-Arch of Titus in Rome
-exile jewish population
Ummayads
-dynasty of Sunni caliphs that ruled the Muslim empire;
-building of the Dome of the Rock
Vespasian
-proclaimed emperor of Rome
-Titus is his son
-tax on Jews
Map of Jerusalem Old City
Map of Jerusalem Old City (2)
Western Wall
-western prayer area on Temple mount
-only remaining part of the second temple
Gates