9th of AB AD 70 -northern city falls -second temple is destroyed and northern city falls  -jews forbiddin to visit jerusalem Night Journey Story of Muhammad traveling to Jerusalem on Baraq before ascending into heaven where he speaks with God directly and receives instructions to give to people Abbasids -dessert tribes -overthrew the Umayyah -3rd caliphae Abd al-Malik -Umayyad ruler who completed the dome of the rock  -improved road -reforms coinage Aelia Capitalina -City built by Hadrian. -Renamed Jerusalem after his family name. -Not tolerant of Christianity Al-Aqsa Mosque -mosque built on top of the rock al-Quds Translated in Arabic, it means "The Holy". It is one of the names for Jerusalem aliyah -immigration of Jews from diaspora to the land of Israel Armenian Quarter -Southwest Balfour Declaration -british recognition of a jewish national home in palestine Revolt of Bar Kokhba (Kosiba) -second jewish revolt -led by Simon Kosiba British Mandate Legal commission giving british rule over Palestine Cardo Maximus -north/south city streets -turned Jerusalem into a typical roman city Church of Anastasis Christian quarter -northwest corner Constantine -moved capital from rome to constantinople -legalizes christianity through edict of milan Damascus Gate -main entrance to jerusalem Dome of the Rock -Where Abraham tried to sacrifice his son. -Where Muhammad would make Ascension to heaven then return to Mecca. Edicule(Holy Sepulcher) tomb of jesus Fatmids -fatamid caliphate dynasty in Egypt. -moved capital from bagdad to cairo Furthest mosque al aqsa mosque. -Temple mount, place of the night journey. General Allenby British general who brought in troops and took Jerusalem from the Ottomans at the end of WWI Golden Gate -oldest gate -believed to be where messiah will return Godfrey of Bouillon frankish knight, -leader of the first crusade. -Siege of JErusalem in 1099. -Refused title of King Hadrian rebuilt the pantheon. built temple of aphrodite on golgotha. built many things, causing a jewish revolt which was surpressed by the Romans Hanukkah The eight-day festival commemorating the rededications of the Jerusalem temple after the maccabean revolt against the Syrians. Haram esh-shariff Is defined as temple mount in arabic. It is the place where Abraham built the alter. It is also the sight where king Solomon built the first temple, eventually destroyed by the Babylonians and rebuilt by Herod. Hasmoneans -alternative name for the Maccabeans -family of Jewish priests that revolted against syria hierosolyma -greek name of Jerusalem Hill of Offense Southern part of Mount of olives -called the Hill of Offense, because of a legend that upon it King Solomon erected altars to the gods of his thousand pagan wives Helena -mother of constantine -pilgrimage and discovery of the true cross in 324 Church of the Holy Sepulcher -In christian quarter -jesus was crucified, buried and resurrectd Jewish quarter -south west Jerusalem Julian -Emperor of Rome -rejected Christianity Justinian -emperor -built Nea church Jospehus -Jew historian who described king herods life Madaba Map map of Christian Jerusalem during Justinian times; -jerusalem is center -shows Church of H.S., Damascus gate, Cardo Maximus road, Nea Church Mamluk 1.) slave soldiers who converted to Islam. they 2.) eventually became a powerful military caste and even governed Egypt from 1250 to 1517. 3.) They destroyed the Crusader kingdoms of Outremer, and saved Syria, Egypt and the holy places of Islam from the Mongols. Mosque of Omar -located opposite the southern courtyard of the Holy speulcher Muhammad -founder of islam Mughrabi Quarter -extension of Muslim quarter -A few days after the Six-Day War, Israel destroyed the Mughrabi quarter to build the Western Wall Plaza Mount Moriah -where the binding of Isaac took place Mount Zion -Temple mount -Same as mount moriah Mount of Olives The name of the hillside where Jesus and his apostles went to after they celebrated their last Passover meal together Muslim quarter North eastern Nachmanides -a leading medieval Jewish scholar,Spanish Sephardic rabbi, philosopher,physician,kabbalist, and biblical commentator. He was raised, studied, and lived for most of his life inGirona, Catalonia. Nehemiah -Governor who rebuilds walls of the city, builds on Ezra's reforms, -battles social injustice in Jerusalem Omar, Ummayid caliph 638 AD takes Jerusalem from Byzantine Nea church a Byzantine church erected by the Byzantine Emperor Justinian  -Jewish quarter Peel Plan 1st document that wanted partition of Palestine and internationalization of Jerusalem. -rejected. -Wanted to divide land between jews and palestinians qiblah direction of muslim prayer Robinson's Arch stood at southwest corner of temple mount. built during reconstruction of second temple by Herod the Great. Salah ad-Din (Saladin) -1st sultan of egypt. -founded Ayyubid dynasty. Muslim who had control of all the crusader states Simon Maccabeus -Hasmonean prince, high priest -leader of the Maccabean revolt against the Seleucid dynasty -freed jews from Syrians -killed by Ptolemy Sasanians -Persian Empire -takes Palestine and Jerusalem in 614 from Byzantines Solomon's stables -muslim prayer hall under the al-aqsa mosque under temple mount. Base of southern wall of Temple mount St. Anne's Church -crusader church - Built between 1131 and 1138 -dedicated to parents of St.Mary -was not destroyed by saladin but converted to a madrasa or school seminary Templum Solomoni Templum Domini -was a Christian church set up on the site of the Dome of the Rock during the crusades Temple of Jupiter Hadrian Built a Temple of Jupiter in AD 135 Temple of Aphrodite -Hadrian project Sulieman the Magnificent -10th sultan of Ottoman empire. during the peak of their power -rebuilds walls of Jerusalem  -gives western wall to jews -population tripled during his reign Titus -Roman ruler who destroyed Temple and Jerusalem in AD 70  -Arch of Titus in Rome -exile jewish population Ummayads -dynasty of Sunni caliphs that ruled the Muslim empire; -building of the Dome of the Rock Vespasian -proclaimed emperor of Rome -Titus is his son -tax on Jews Map of Jerusalem Old City Map of Jerusalem Old City (2) Western Wall -western prayer area on Temple mount -only remaining part of the second temple Gates