alpha particle a positively charged particle consisting of 2 protons and 2 neutrons. amphoteric an ion molecule that can act as an acid or a base beta decay a nuclear reaction in which an electron or a positron is absorbed by or emitted from the nucleus of an atom effusion the process by which a gas escapes through a pinhole into a region of lower pressure elastic collision a collision in which no kinetic energy is lost ion product constant of water (Kw) 1.0*10-14 network solid a solid in which every atom is covalently bonded to its nearest neighbors to form an extended array of atoms rather than individual molecules β- decay neutron → proton + electron β+ decay proton → neutron + positron diamagnetic an atom that has all of its electrons spin-paired paramagnetic an atom where all the electrons are not spin-paired Energy of a photon, E amount of heat, q, accompanying a phase transition q=nΔH, n is number of moles q= CΔT=mcΔT rate of effusion if proportional to... mole fraction, X Raoult's law: vapor pressure, p pA=XAPoA boiling-point elevation ΔTb=kbim Freezing point depression ΔTf=-kfim Osmotic pressure, Π Π=MiRT relation of pH and pKa ΔGo for electrochemisty ΔGo=-nFEo reaction if Eo > 0 spontaneous reaction if Eo < 0 non spontaneous melting point of ionic compound depends on... the strength of electrostatic attraction (f=kqq/r^2) vapor pressure only depends on.. the temperature and intermolecular forces Van der Waals forcers only occur between what kind of molecules? neutral in general, the stronger the lewis acid.. the larger the positive charge and the smaller the ionic radius what is the volume of 1 mole of a gas at STP? 22.4 L