Deltoid-Action
All fibers:
*ABDUCT the shoulder (glenohumeral joint)
Anterior fibers:
*flex the shoulder (g/h joint)
*medially rotate shoulder (g/h joint)
*horizontally adduct the shoulder (g/h joint)
Posterior fibers:
*Extend the shoulder (g/h joint)
*Laterally rotate the shoulder (g/h joint)
*Horizontally ABduct the shoulder (g/h joint)
Deltoid-Origin
Lateral one-third of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
Deltoid- Insertion
Deltoid Tuberosity
Deltoid-Innervation
Axillary C5, 6
Trapezius-Action
Upper fibers:
*Bilaterally
*Extend the head and neck
*Unilaterally
*Laterally flex the head and neck to the same side
*Rotate the head and neck to the opposite side
*Elevate the scapula (scapulothoracic joint)
*Upwardly rotate the scapula (s/t joint)
Middle fibers:
*Adduct the scapula (s/t joint)
*Stabilize the scapula (s/t joint)
Lower fibers:
*Depress the scapula (s/t joint)
*Upwardly rotate the scapula (s/t joint)
Trapezius-Origin
External Occipital protuberance, medial portion of superior nuchal line of the occiput, ligamentum nuchae and spinous process of C-7 through T-12
Trapezius-Insertion
Lateral one-third of clavicle, acromion and spine of the scapula
Trapezius-Innervation
Spinal portion of cranial nerve XI (accessory) and ventral ramus C2, 3, 4
Latissimus Dorsi-Action
Extend the shoulder (g/h joint)
Adduct the shoulder (g/h joint)
Medially rotate the shoulder (g/h joint)
Latissimus Dorsi-Origin
Inferior angle of scapula, spinous process of last 6 thoracic vertebrae, last 3 or 4 ribs, throacolumbar aponeurosis and posterior iliac crest
Latissimus Dorsi-Insertion
Intertubercular groove of the humerus
Latissimus Dorsi-Innervation
Thoracodorsal C6, 7, 8
Teres Major-Action
*Note: Teres major and latissimus dorsi share the same actions
Extend the shoulder (g/h joint)
Adduct the shoulder (g/h joint)
Medially rotate the shoulder (g/h joint)
*note: could be more than one option
*
Teres Major-Origin
Inferior Angle and lower one-third of lateral border of the scapula
Teres Major-Insertion
Crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus
Teres Major-Innervation
Lower subscapular C5, 6, 7
Rotator Cuff Muscles
SITS
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis
Supraspinatus-Action
Abduct the shoulder (g/h joint)
Stabilize the head of the humerus in glenoid cavity
Supraspinatus-Origin
Supraspinous fossa of the scapula
Supraspinatus-Insertion
*note: same as infraspinatus and teres minor
Greater tubercle of the humerus
Supraspinatus-Innervation
*note: same as infraspinatus
Suprascapular C4, 5, 6
Infraspinatus-Action
*note: same as teres minor
Laterally rotate the shoulder (g/h joint)
Adduct the shoulder (g/h joint)
Stabilize the head of humerus in glenoid cavity
Infraspinatus-Origin
Infraspinous fossa of the scapula
Infraspinatus-Insertion
*note: same as supraspinatus, and teres minor
Greater Tubercle of the humerus
Infraspinatus-Innervation
*note: same as supraspinatus
Suprascapular C4, 5, 6
Teres Minor-Action
*note: same as infraspinatus
Laterally rotate the shoulder (g/h joint)
Adduct the shoulder (g/h joint)
Stabilize the head of humerus in glenoid cavity
Teres Minor-Origin
Upper two-thirds of lateral border of the scapula
Teres Minor-Insertion
*note: same as infra and supraspinatus
Greater tubercle of the humerus
Subscapularis-Action
Medially rotate the shoulder (glenohumeral joint)
Stabilize the head of humerus in glenoid cavity
Subscapularis-Origin
Subscapular fossa of the scapula
Subscapularis-Insertion
Lesser tubercle of the humerus
Subscapularis-Innervation
Upper and lower subscapular C5, 6, 7
Rhomboid Major and Minor-Action
Adduct the scapula (scapulothoracic joint)
Elevate the scapula (s/t joint)
Downwardly rotate teh scapula (s/t joint)
Rhomboid Major and Minor-Origin
Major:
Spinous processes of T-2 to T-5
Minor:
Spinous processes of C-7 and T-1
Rhomboid Major and Minor-Insertion
Major:
Medial border of the scapula between the spine of the scapula and the inferior angle
Minor:
Upper portion of medial border of the scapula, across from spine and scapula
Rhomboid Major and Minor-Innervation
Dorsal scapular C4, 5
Levator Scapula-Action
Unilaterally:
*Elevate the scapula (scapulothoracic joint)
*Downwardly rotate the scapula (S/t joint)
*Laterally flex the head and neck
*Rotate the head and neck to the same side
Bilaterally:
*Extend the head and neck
Levator Scapula-Origin
Transverse processes of the first through fourth cervical vertebrae
Levator Scapula-Insertion
Medial border of scapula, between superior angle and superior portion of spine of scapula
Levator Scapula-Innervation
Cervical 3, 4, and Dorsal Scapular C4, 5
Serratus Anterior-Action
With the origin fixed:
*Abduct the scapula (scapulorthoracic joint)
*Upwardly rotate the scapula (s/t joint)
*Depress the scapula (s/t joint)
*Hold the medial border of the scapula against the rib cage
With the scapula fixed:
*may act to elevate the thorax during forced inhalation
Serratus Anterior-Origin
External surfaces of upper eight or nine ribs
Serratus Anterior-Insertion
Anterior surface of medial border of the scapula
Serratus Anterior-Innervation
Long Thoracic C5, 6, 7, 8
Pectoralis Major-Action
All fibers:
*Adduct the shoulder (g/h joint)
*Medially rotate the shoulder (g/h joint)
*Assist to elevate the thorax during forced inhalation (with the arm fixed)
Upper fibers:
*Flex the shoulder (g/h joint)
*Horizontally adduct the shoulder (g/h joint)
Lower fibers:
*Extend the shoulder (g/h joint)
Pectoralis Major-Origin
Medial half of clavicle, sternum and cartilage of the 1st-6th ribs
Pectoralis Major-Insertion
Crest of greater tubercle of humerus
Pectoralis Major-Innervation
Upper fibers:
*Lateral Pectoral C5, 6, 7
Lower fibers:
*Lateral and medial pectoral C6, 7, 8, T1
Pectoralis Minor-Action
Depress the scapula (scapulothoracic joint)
Abduct the scapula (s/t joint)
Downwardly rotate the scapula (s/t joint)
With the scapula fixed:
*Assist to elevate the thorax during forced inhalation
Pectoralis Minor-Origin
3rd, 4th, and 5th ribs
Pectoralis Minor-Insertion
Medial surface of coracoid process of the scapula
Pectoralis Minor-Innervation
Medial pectoral, with fibers from a communicating branch of the lateral pectoral C6, 7, 8, T1
Subclavius-Action
Depress the clavicle and draw it anteriorly
Elevate the first rib (to assist during inhalation)
Stabilize the sternoclavicular joint
Subclavius-Origin
First rib and cartilage
Subclavius-Insertion
Inferior surface of middle one-third of clavical
Subclavius-Innervation
Subclavian C5, 6
Biceps Brachii-Action
Flex the elbow (humeroulnar joint)
Supinate the forearm (radioulnar joints)
Flex the shoulder (glenohumeral joint)
Biceps Brachii-Origin
Short head:
*coracoid process of scapula
Long head:
*supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Biceps Brachii-Insertion
Tuberosity of the radius and aponeurosis of the biceps brachii
Biceps Brachii-Innervation
Musculocutaneous C5, 6
Triceps Brachii-Action
All heads:
*Extend the elbow (humeroulnar joint)
Long head:
*Extend the shoulder (g/h joint)
*Adduct the shoulder (g/h joint)
Triceps Brachii-Origin
Long head:
*Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Lateral head:
*Posterior surface of proximal half of the the humerus
Medial Head:
*Posterior surface of distal half of the humerus
Triceps Brachii-Insertion
Olecranon process of the ulna
Triceps Brachii-Innervation
Radial C6, 7, 8, T1
Coracobrachialis-Action
Flex the shoulder (g/h joint)
Adduct the shoulder (g/h joint)
Coracobrachialis-Origin
Coracoid process of the scapula
Coracobrachialis-Insertion
Medial surface of mid-humeral shaft
Coracobrachialis-Innervation
Musculocutaneous C6, 7