what is radiation <strong>energy</strong> carried by waves or streams of particles what is x-radiation high-energy radiation produced by the collision of a beam of electrons with a metal target in an x-ray tube what is an x-ray a <strong>beam of energy</strong> that has the power to penetrate substances and record image shadows on photographic film what is the <strong>science or study</strong> of radiation as used in medicine radiology what is a branch of medical science that deals with the use of x-rays, radioacitive substances, and other forms of radiant energy in the diagnosis and treatment of disease radiology what is a <strong>visible picture</strong> on film produced by the passage of x-rays through an object or body; also called and x-ray film radiograph is a radiograph an x-ray NO what is a photographic image produced on film by the passage of x-rays through <strong>teeth and related structures</strong> called... dental radiograph ________is the <strong>art and science of making</strong> radiographs by the exposure of film to x-rays radiography ______is the production/<strong>making</strong> of radiographs of the <strong>teeth and adjacent structures</strong> by the exposure of film to x-rays dental radiography any person who positions, exposes, and processes x-ray film is called a... dental radiographer what is the importance of dental radiographs enables professional to identify conditions that cannot be identified clinically and might go undetected list 5 uses of dental radiographs (out of ) detect lesions confirm suspected disease classify suspected disease localize lesions localize foreign objects provide information during dental procedures evaluate growth and development <span style="text-decoration:underline;">illustrate changes secondary to caries, periodontal disease, trauma </span>document the condition of a patient What term indicates form of energy carried by waves or stream of particles radiation what is the study or science of radiation as used in medicine radiology what is a stream of high-speed electrons originating from the cathode in x-ray tube cathode ray ____is a beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image shadows on photographic fim x-ray what is a sealed glass tube with most air evacuated vacuum tube ____is the production of radiographs of the TEETH and adjacent structures by the exposure of film to x-rays dental radiography what type of electrical charge does the proton carry + what is an atom that gains or loses an electron and becomes electrically unbalanced? ion two or more atoms joined by a chemical bond molecule what is the emission and propogation of energy through space or substance in waves or particles radiation what is the production of ions, or process of converting an atom into ions (electron removed) ionization what is unstable atoms or elements spontaneously disintegrating/decaying in an effort to attain a more balanced nuclear state radioactivity what can be defined as radiation that is capable of producing ions by removing or adding an electron ionizing radiation when an electron is removed from an atom in the ionization process what is left... ion pair what contains the on-off switch, indicator light, exposure button, and control devices control panel what is the negative electrode that contains tungsten wire filament in molybdenum holder cathode what supplies electrons for an x-ray cathode what produces electrons for an x-ray tungsten filament what contains x-ray tube that produces x-rays tubehead what consists of a metal housing, insulating oil, tubehead seal, x-ray tube, transformer, aluminum disks, lead collimator, position-indicating device(PID) tubehead what supplies electrons that are necessary to generate x-rays cathode what dissapates the heat away from the tungsten target and is located in the anode copper stem what is the measurement of the number of electrons moving through a conductor amperage what is the x-ray tube peak voltage used during exposure kilovoltage what is energy of motion kinetic energy what is the release of electrons from tungsten filament when electrical current passes through and heats the filament thermionic emission what is the leaded glass vacuum tube that prevints x-rays from escaping in all directions called leaded-glass housing what is the measurement of electrical force that causes electrons to move from a negative pole to a positive one voltage what is the term for the penetrating x-ray beam that is produced at thte target of the anode and that exits the tubehead primary beam what is it called when an x-ray photon is deflected from it's path during passage through matter, causing ionization, and happening 62% of the time compton scatter what happens 8% of the time during exposure and does not cause ionization coherent scatter what is x-radiation created by primary beam interacting with matter secondary radiation what dislodges an inner-shell electron, causes ionization, and only happens at =>70kVp characteristic radiation molecules are formed in two ways transferring or sharing electrons what is an atom that gains or loses an electron and becomes electrically unbalanced ion what is the production of ions ionization what is capable of producing ions by removing or adding an electron to an atom radiation what type of radiation is tiny particles, that posses mass, travel in straight lines, and at high speeds particulate radiation what are the four types of particulate radiation electrons --beta particles --cathode rays alpha particles protons neutrons what are accelerated hydrogen nuclei protons what are accelerated particles with mass of 1 and NO electrical charge neutrons what are streams of high-speed electrons that originate in an x-ray tube and emitted by a manufactured device cathode rays what are fast moving electrons emitted from nucleus of radioactive atoms beta particles what are emitted from the nuclei of heavy metals and exist as 2 protons and neutrons, NO electrons alpha particles what is capable of producing ions by removing or adding an electron to an atom radiation what is the propagation of wavelike energy through space or matter positioned at right angles electromagnetic radiation what are arranged in the electromagnetic spectrum according to their energies,and may be artificial or natural electromagnetic radiation Name 3 high-energyradiations capable of ionization cosmic rays gamma rays x-rays what characterizes electromagnetic radiation in terms of discrete bundles of energy called photons or quanta Particle concept what are bundles of energy with no mass or weight photons what travel as waves at the speed of light and move through space in a straight line photons what are the 3 components to the wave concept velocity wavelength frequency what is the speed of a wave velocity what is the distance between the tops of the crests of waves wavelength what is the number of wavelengths that pass a given point in a certain amount of time frequency high freq=____wavelength short long wavelength=___freq low L=L=L (long=low=less energy) x-rays=___freq+___wavelength high short what is high=energy, ionizing electromagnetic radiation x-radiation what interacts with the materials they penetrate and cause ionization x-ray photons x-rays travel at the speed of___ light what controls the time, kilovoltage, milliamperage, and where is it located control device on the control panes what suspends the x-ray tubehead and houses the wires, and allows for movement and positioning extension arm what is the tightly sealed, heavy metal housing, that contains the x-ray tube that produces dental x-rays tubehead what surrounds the x-ray tube and transformers, protects tube and grounds high voltage components metal housing what surrounds the x-ray tube and prevents overheating insulating oil what permits the exit of x-rays tubehead seal what is the heart of the generating system x-ray tube what alters the voltage of incoming electricity transformer what filters out longer wavelengths and is in the path of the x0ray beam aluminum disks what restricts size of x-ray beam lead cllimator what aims and shapes x-ray beam PIG position-indicating device what includes leaded-glass housing, cathode, anode and is a <strong>glass vacuum tube</strong> x-ray tube what directs the beam toward the aluminum disks, lead collimator, and PID leaded glass housing what is the positive electrode consisting of a tungsten plate)target) embedded in a copper rod anode what converts electrons into photons and has a copper stem to dissipate heat anode what is the negative electrode that consists of a tungsten wire filament in a cupholder of molybdenum that supplies electrons necessary to generate x-rays cathode what is the electrical current when electrons flow in one direction direct current (DC) what is the electrical current when electrons flow in two opposite directions alternating current (AC) what is the conversion of alternating current to direct current (AC->DC) rectification <question> what is the measurement of the number of electrons moving through a conductor "conductor of an orchestra..." </question> amperage (x-ray=milliamperes=>mA) what is the measurement of electrical force that causes electrons to move from a negative pole to a postive one voltage=strength=force what can increase or decrease the number of electrons passing through the cathode filament mA what controls the current passing from the cathode to the anode kVp=kilovoltage=strength=force which circuit uses 3 to 5 volts, regulates flow of electrical current to the<strong> filament</strong>, and is controlled by mA filament circuit which circuit uses 65k-100k volts, provides high voltage required to generate x-rays, and is controlled by kV settings high-voltage circuit mA=#of electrons kV=^current what device increases or decreases the voltage in an electrical circuit transformer which transformer is used to decrease voltage and is used by the filament circuit step-down transformer which transformer has more wires on the primary coil step-down transformer which transformer is used to increase voltage, has more wires onthe secondary coil, and is used by the high-voltage circuit step-up transformer which transformer auto=corrects for minor fluctuations because of the need for a steady flow autotransformer what is the release of electrons from the tungsten filament when the electrical current passes through it and heats the filament thermionic emission what supplies the <strong>power</strong> to generate x-rays electricity from the wall the electrons stay in an electron cloud until the _______ circuit is activated high-voltage what directs the electrons to the tungsten target into the anode from the cathode molybdenum cup what restricts the size of the x-ray beam collimator the x-ray beam exits the tubehead at the opening of the... PID what radiation is produced when electrons hit or pass the nucleus of a tungsten target general radiation what percent is general radiation 70% what radiation is produced when a high=speed electron dislodges an inner-shell electron causing ionization and only occurs at =>70kVp characteristic radiation what radiation is the penetrating x-ray beam that is produced at the target of the anode primary radiation what radiation is created when the primary beam interacts with matter (teeth, bones, soft tissues) secondary radiation what radiation is a form of secondary radiation deflected from it's path by an interaction with matter scatter radiation when the x-ray photon passes through the atom and everything is unchanged, producing densities on film and making radiology possible no interaction ____is the <strong>total</strong> transfer of energy from photon to the atoms of matter (patient) absorption what effect occurs 30% when an x-ray photon collides with a tightly bound inner-shell electron, gives up all its energy to eject the electron, and is absorbed by other atoms photoelectric effect what scatter occurs 62% when photon is deflected and ionization occurs...non-hit compton scatter what scatter happens 8% when low-energy photon interacts with an outer shell electron and does not cause ionization (more dense, bone=^chance of this scatter) coherent scatter