Acid Produce H+ Donate H+ (Protons) Electrolytes Sour Stings Turns litmus paper red Neutralizes Bases HCl, Vinegar, Citric Base Produce OH- Accepts H+ (Protons) Electrolytes Bitter Slippery Turns Blue Neutralizes acids NaOH, Baking Soda, Drugs Ate = ? Ic Ite = ? Ous Bronsted - Lowry for Acids Donates a proton. Proton + (+) Particle, H+ Bronsted - Lowry for Bases Accepts a protons when dissolved in "another" substance H3O+ = ? Hydronium Ion Amphoteric Substance Can act like an acid or a base depending on what it is reacting with. Conjugated Acid A new acid made in reaction Make conjugated bases Conjugated Base A new base made in a chem reaction Strong Acids HCl = Hydrocloric acid HBr = Hydrobromic acid HI = Hydroiodic acid H2SO4 = Sulfuric acid HNO3 = Nitric Acid HClO4 = Percholoric Acid Strong Bases LiOH = Lithium Hydroxide NaOH = Sodium Hydroxide KOH = Potassium Hydroxide Ca(OH)2 = Calcium Hydroxide Sr(OH)2 = Strontium Hydroxide Ba(OH)2 = Barium Hydroxide Kw = ? 1.0 x 10-14 M2 [H3O+] = Larger -> Acidic [OH-] = Larger -> ? Basic [H3O+] = [OH-] -> Neutral pH = ? -Log [H3O+] Sig Fig rules for pH # Sf in conc = # places after decimal in pH Stable pH 7.35 - 7.45 Organic Contains C, H. Sometimes O, S, N, or Cl (F, Br I) "CHONS" Particles: Molecules Bonding: Mostly Covalent Polarity: Nonpolar, unless a strongly electronegative atom is present Melting point: Usually low Boiling point: Usually low Flammability: High Solubility in water: Not soluble, unless a polar group is present. Alkanes end with ? Ane - Contains a single bond Expanded Structure Chemical Formula = ? Molecular Formula CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 Condensed structure CH3-(CH2)3-CH3 "Condensed" Condensed structure Skeletal formula or Geometric formula CH3 - Methyl CH3 - CH2 - Ethyl CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - Propyl l CH3 - CH - CH3 Isopropyl F- Fluoro Cl - Choloro Br - Bromo I - Iodo (IUPAC) 1 Meth (IUPCA) 2 Eth (IUPAC) 3 Prop (IUPAC) 4 But (IUPAC) 5 Pent (IUPAC) 6 Hex (IUPAC) 7 Hept (IUPAC) 8 Oct (IUPAC) 9 Non (IUPAC) 9 Non (IUPAC) 10 Dec Isometers Same molecular equation  - Different arrangement Ene 4 H. Max # H unsaturated Ane 6 H. Max # H Saturated Hydro-carbon Yne Max # H unsaturated