Sayers Inventio "The first obligation of the Christian carpenter is to make good tables" Corbett Definition of Inventio The discovery of argument LaRusso (Definitions of Inventio) The transformations of our perceptions of the world into something available for discourse Newman Five levels of learning Nothing is more common than for men to think that because they are familiar with a word that they understand what the ideas stand for Arnold 5th Level: Wisdom Rhetoric is about the discovery of ideas, not persuasion alone levels of learning Augustine (fear of the Lord) A man fearing God always seeks His will MacDonald old woman teaching princess in the woods and fear is the only motivator fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom Proverbs 2:5 fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom 1 John 4:18 Perfect love casts out fear Cicero (Learning broadly) breadth>depth Isocrates (Learn Broadly) To give sound advice to the State Character choices are part of what it means to be educated Lipton Lauren Lipton: Lessons of a Lost Education talking about how she didn't retain anything she learned in high school and now basic knowledge she does not know learn broadly Bernstein Former teacher writing about the problems in today's education no writing skills people only tested kids for the AP learn broadly Jones Greeks versus Romans articles Greeks>Romans but romans always win :( habits and inheritances G.K. Chesterton (habits&inheritances) making the familiar unfamiliar Langer mindlessness: when we merely engage habits mindfulness: what we want to do habits and inheritances Morrow rescuing ourselves from particular information learning how to say no to bad things habits and inheritances Keller everyone should live three days without sight or sound don't feel bad because you are sighted, take advantage of it first and last/habits and inheritances Ueland we waste too much time being our theoretical self--the part of us that just wants to please others first and last/habits and inheritances Percy How can the great suck of self ever hope to be a fat cat dozing in the sun? first and last Williams Way of Affirmation: This also is thou (moving closer to Jesus) Way of Negation: Neither is this thou (saying no to things that are not godly) first and last Scott Rhetoric is epistemic, rhetoric is not just a way of conveying knowledge but of discovering it Relationship to Invention (moving up levels) Bitzer Rhetorical situation requires two things: 1. invites discourse 2. discourse must have a potential impact ALSO what you strive for is the 'fitting response' exigence Aristotle (Facility of Discernment) school is to teach kids what they ought to like and dislike Farrell when you acquire a skill, you acquire all the virtues of that skill as well the characteristic virtue of rhetoric is discernment status/facility of discernment Hebrews 5:11-14 be a sponge and a hose constant discernment weans of the milk of mere reception status/facility of discernment Quintilian An Sit: FACT Quid Sit: DEFINTION Quali Sit: VALUE Status/Tests of Discernment Corbett (Common Topoi) Definition Relationship Testimony Comparison Circumstance Packer goodness of contemplating God the best studier of man is not man--it's GOD God Topoi Augustine (Knowing God) you have made us for yourself and our heart is restless until it gets to you 1. God's Word 2. God's Character 3. Obedience to God 4. Recognizing God's Past Merton only man who has faced despair knows he needs mercy under means/God Wordsworth Let nature be your teacher topoi//nature Sanders owl article McKibben topoi//nature 70 TV stations/24 hours solitude it's not what we get from TV it is what we lose 1. deep sense of limits 2. life requires sacrifice 3. cyclical Hopkins what is all this juice and all this joy? talking about spring/being excited about nature topoi//nature Lewis (Nature) nature does not teach you because you bring to it the knowledge you already know Dillard there are lots of hidden pennies to be discovered cultivate a healthy poverty so that you find joy in finding the penny topoi//nature Barrett narcissists are the worst rhetors because they forget the most important point--the AUDIENCE Bonhoeffer When Christ calls a man, he bids him come and die know thyself//Self Lewis (Self) in the presence of God we either forget ourselves or think ourselves dirty little objects when we meet a humble person all we think is what a great person who took interest in me Pascal (Self) we have both an angel and a beast love the angel and hate the beast inside of you a'Kempis (self) consider none more frail than yourself learn the proper sorrows of the soul GK Chesterton (Self) we are both men (humanity) and human (sinner) Booth Topoi//others consider authors to be kindred spirits Lewis (Others) past>present in terms of books old books have stood the test of time LaRusso (Others) the deeper I go inside of me, the closer I get to you Dimnet never read--always study Clark Topoi//Special as we see more related topoi, we are increasingly seeing connections b/w things...we are learning, in a word, how to think