What is emotion
the physiological component, such as hearbeat, thoughts related to it, and physical expressions accompanying the feeling

What is motivation?
anything that gets you to complete your goal

What are the seven motivational theories?
instinct theory
evolutionary theory
drive reduction theory
arousal theory
incentive theory
cognitive theories
biopsychosocial

Instinct theory
instincts are unlearned responses that guide your actions

evolutionary theory
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aka: approach to mate selection

a spin-off of instinct theory; every behavior is to find a mate and reporduce

Women will be more cautious when finding a mate and settling down; they want ambitious, powerful, resourceful, and athletic men; they like a period of dating

men are not interested in dating becuase they have no limitation to the children amount; they want youthful, attractive, and healthy young women; pass on genes
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Drive reduction theory
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goal of life is homeostais; when you feel unbalanced, you have a need, which incites a drive that makes you reduce the need, leading to balance

Ex: thirsty...need water..drink water...satisfied..balanced

Needs: food, water, sex, sleep, bathroom, etc
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Arousal theory
we all like to be at our optimal level of arousal; and, all day long, we try to get on that level to maintain arousal

INcentive theory
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gain rewards and avoid punishments/ behavior is goal-directed; there are two systems--the wanting system and the liking system

Wanting: you are attracted
Liking: Evaluation of how pleasurable it is
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Cognitive theories
all motivated behaviors are based in:
1) your expectations
2) your past experiences (cognitive appraisal= how you interpret something)
3) your perceptions
4) your attributions; everyone is motivated by their own personal story

Biopsychosocial theory/ Maslow's hierarchy of needs
you are motivated to fulfill each level in the pyramid; you need to fulfill one level to move up the pyramid

Out of all of the theories, which are the motivational theories?
instinct
evolutionary
drive reduction
arousal

Out of all of the theories, which are the psychological theories?
incentive
cognitive
biopsychosocial

What is Maslow's hierarchy of needs? <strong>Begin from the bottom of the pyramid.</strong>
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Physiological needs

Safety needs

Belonging and love needs

Esteem needs

Self-actualization needs
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<question>
If Joe is trying to make friends, which level on the hierarchy is he? 

Taking the MCAT is..?
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belonging and love section

esteem
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Why do you keep eating at buffets?
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Because food stimulates different taste buds; and, the more variety, the more stimulation, and the more you eat

flavor and variety are important in initiating eating
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<question>
Obesity is considered __. 

Results of obesity?
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child abuse

severely overweight, increased risk of diabetes, heart attack, high BP, strokes, death, cancer, arthritis, etc
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Causes of obesity?
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psychological: we are bored, busy, too poor to eat healthy, no movement; we live in an environment where people push you eat

Physiological: people have higher water content and bigger bones
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Anorexia is?
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severe weight loss in people who know that they should/ want to eat, but do not for fear of getting fact

there is a detachment with what's actually seen
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What are the problems with anorexia/
brittle bones, not enough food--&gt; passing out, hair sprouts all over to keep warm, messed up menstrual cycle

Statistics of anorexia nervosa?
four to thirty percent die from starvation, biochemical imbalances, and suicide

Bulimia nervosa?
overly eating and throwing up

Problems with bulimia?
acid build up deteriorates the back of your teeth; large potential to have heart attacks due to pressure of throwing up; impulse connection due to fact that they have no self-control

<question>
Emotion constantly __. It is a __.

There are __, as wella s __, and they have a __.
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changes between positive and negative

feeling that you possess

learned/ reflexive/ physical component
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Cognitive appraisal:
self-interpretation

What are the three components to emotion?
physiological 
cognitive
behavior

What are the four major theories of emotion?
James-Lange
Cannon-Bard
Facial-feedback
Schacter-Singer (2 Factor)

<question>
James Lange theory

<strong></strong><strong>Scenario: walking out of campus and suddenly a snake pops out</strong>
</question>
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environmental stimuli---(leads to)----&gt; 

physiological change/ behavior or act-----&gt;

emotion

<strong>it undergoes compartmentalization</strong>
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<question>
Cannon Bard theory

<strong></strong><strong>Scenario: walking out of campus and suddenly a snake pops out</strong>
</question>
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environmental stimuli--&gt; brain/ thalamus--&gt;

physiological change, behavior, and emotion 
<strong>
</strong><strong>simultaneous</strong>
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Facial-feedback theory

<strong></strong><strong>Scenario: walking out of campus and suddenly a snake pops out</strong>
</question>
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environmental stimuli----&gt;

facial expression-----&gt;

physiological change and action---&gt;

emotion
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<question>
Schacter-Singer theory

<strong></strong><strong>Scenario: walking out of campus and suddenly a snake pops out</strong>
</question>
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environmental stimuli----&gt; appraisal interpretation-----&gt;

emotion, action, physiological change
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Intrinsic versus Extrinsic motivation
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in: do it because you enjoy it; personal satisfaction derived from it

ex: something you're rewarding outside of yourself
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