What is emotion
the physiological component, such as hearbeat, thoughts related to it, and physical expressions accompanying the feeling
What is motivation?
anything that gets you to complete your goal
What are the seven motivational theories?
instinct theory
evolutionary theory
drive reduction theory
arousal theory
incentive theory
cognitive theories
biopsychosocial
Instinct theory
instincts are unlearned responses that guide your actions
evolutionary theory
aka: approach to mate selection
a spin-off of instinct theory; every behavior is to find a mate and reporduce
Women will be more cautious when finding a mate and settling down; they want ambitious, powerful, resourceful, and athletic men; they like a period of dating
men are not interested in dating becuase they have no limitation to the children amount; they want youthful, attractive, and healthy young women; pass on genes
Drive reduction theory
goal of life is homeostais; when you feel unbalanced, you have a need, which incites a drive that makes you reduce the need, leading to balance
Ex: thirsty...need water..drink water...satisfied..balanced
Needs: food, water, sex, sleep, bathroom, etc
Arousal theory
we all like to be at our optimal level of arousal; and, all day long, we try to get on that level to maintain arousal
INcentive theory
gain rewards and avoid punishments/ behavior is goal-directed; there are two systems--the wanting system and the liking system
Wanting: you are attracted
Liking: Evaluation of how pleasurable it is
Cognitive theories
all motivated behaviors are based in:
1) your expectations
2) your past experiences (cognitive appraisal= how you interpret something)
3) your perceptions
4) your attributions; everyone is motivated by their own personal story
Biopsychosocial theory/ Maslow's hierarchy of needs
you are motivated to fulfill each level in the pyramid; you need to fulfill one level to move up the pyramid
Out of all of the theories, which are the motivational theories?
instinct
evolutionary
drive reduction
arousal
Out of all of the theories, which are the psychological theories?
incentive
cognitive
biopsychosocial
What is Maslow's hierarchy of needs? Begin from the bottom of the pyramid.
Physiological needs
Safety needs
Belonging and love needs
Esteem needs
Self-actualization needs
If Joe is trying to make friends, which level on the hierarchy is he?
Taking the MCAT is..?
belonging and love section
esteem
Why do you keep eating at buffets?
Because food stimulates different taste buds; and, the more variety, the more stimulation, and the more you eat
flavor and variety are important in initiating eating
Obesity is considered __.
Results of obesity?
child abuse
severely overweight, increased risk of diabetes, heart attack, high BP, strokes, death, cancer, arthritis, etc
Causes of obesity?
psychological: we are bored, busy, too poor to eat healthy, no movement; we live in an environment where people push you eat
Physiological: people have higher water content and bigger bones
Anorexia is?
severe weight loss in people who know that they should/ want to eat, but do not for fear of getting fact
there is a detachment with what's actually seen
What are the problems with anorexia/
brittle bones, not enough food--> passing out, hair sprouts all over to keep warm, messed up menstrual cycle
Statistics of anorexia nervosa?
four to thirty percent die from starvation, biochemical imbalances, and suicide
Bulimia nervosa?
overly eating and throwing up
Problems with bulimia?
acid build up deteriorates the back of your teeth; large potential to have heart attacks due to pressure of throwing up; impulse connection due to fact that they have no self-control
Emotion constantly __. It is a __.
There are __, as wella s __, and they have a __.
changes between positive and negative
feeling that you possess
learned/ reflexive/ physical component
Cognitive appraisal:
self-interpretation
What are the three components to emotion?
physiological
cognitive
behavior
What are the four major theories of emotion?
James-Lange
Cannon-Bard
Facial-feedback
Schacter-Singer (2 Factor)
James Lange theory
Scenario: walking out of campus and suddenly a snake pops out
environmental stimuli---(leads to)---->
physiological change/ behavior or act----->
emotion
it undergoes compartmentalization
Cannon Bard theory
Scenario: walking out of campus and suddenly a snake pops out
environmental stimuli--> brain/ thalamus-->
physiological change, behavior, and emotion
simultaneous
Facial-feedback theory
Scenario: walking out of campus and suddenly a snake pops out
environmental stimuli---->
facial expression----->
physiological change and action--->
emotion
Schacter-Singer theory
Scenario: walking out of campus and suddenly a snake pops out
environmental stimuli----> appraisal interpretation----->
emotion, action, physiological change
Intrinsic versus Extrinsic motivation
in: do it because you enjoy it; personal satisfaction derived from it
ex: something you're rewarding outside of yourself