True or False: A burn that involves the epidermis only is called a deep partial-thickness burn. False Pressure ulcers are usually assosicated with skin overlying a. bony projections b. skeletal muscles c. a thick layer of fat d. nerve fibers a. bony projections Injections that are administered into the tissues within the skin are called a. subcutaneous b. intradermal c. intramuscular d. hypodermic b. intradermal The blood vessels that supply skin cells are found in the a. epidermis b. epidermis and dermis c. dermis d. dermis and subcutaneous layer d. dermis and subcutaenous layer The regulation of body temperature is of vital importance because a. it remains close to 37 degrees C b. slight shifts in temperature can disrupt the rates of metabolic reactions c. it is the product of chemical reactions d. the skin plays an important role in homeostasis b. slight shifts in temperature can disrupt the rates of metabolic reactions True or False: Three physiological factors that affect the color of the skin are: amount of blood in dermal vessels, carotene in the subcutaneous layer, and various diseases. True True or False: The dermis is very flat compared to the epidermis, which has ridges projecting inward and elevations called papillae. False True or False: The outermost layer of the epidermis is stratum basale and the inntermost layer is stratum corneum. False The skin functions to a. retard water loss from deeper tissues b. excrete wastes c. regulate body temp d. all of the above d. all of the above Which of the following is a characteristic of the person most likely to develop cutaneous carcinoma? a. over 40 years old b. often works and plays outdoors c. light-complexioned skin d. all of the above d. all of the above Epidermal cells are supplied with nutrients from blood vessels located in the a. epidermis b. dermis c. subcutaneous layer d. all of the above b. dermis Skin cells play an important role in the production of a. vitamin A b. vitamin B c. vitamin D d. vitamin E c. vitamin D True or False: The secretion of the sebaceous gland is called sebum. True Cutaneous carcinomas are most commonly caused by exposure to a. X-rays b. gamma radiation c. UV light d. mutagenic chemicals c. UV light Which of the following is a normal response to excessive loss of body heat in a cold environment? a. dermal blood vessels become constricted b. sweat glands become inactive c. skeletal muslces contract involuntarily d. all of the above d. all of the above Skin cancer cells are most likely to develop from a. pigmented epithelial cells b. pigmented melanocytes c. nonpigmented epithelial cells d. nonpigmented melanocytes c. nonpigmented epithelial cells True or False: Hair color is determined by the amount of keratin protein produced during keratinization. False Acne is a disorder involving the a. sweat glands b. hair follicles c. sebaceous glands d. apocrine glands c. sebaceous glands As cells are pushed from the deeper portion of the epidermis toward the surface a. they divide b. their supply of nutrients improves c. they die d. they become dermal cells c. they die Which of the following is not a method for helping prevent pressure ulcer formation? a. massaging the skin b. eating foods rich in proteins c. providing adequate fluid intake d. maintaining one body position d. maintaining one body position Which if the following is NOT correct concerning the skin? a. the dermis is usually thicker than the epidermis b. the epidermis is composed of stratified squamos epithelium c. the subcutaneous layer is between the dermis and epidermis d. the dermis contains smooth muscle and nerve tissue c. the subcutaneous layer is between the dermis and epidermis The main functions of melanocytes is to a. remove dead cells by phagocytosis b. help control body temp c. protect deeper cells from sunlight d. produce vitamin D c. protect deeper cells from sunlight The cells that produce the shaft of hair are a. epithelial cells b. fibrous connective tissue cells c. loose connective tissue cells d. adipose tissue cells a. epithelial cells Cutaneous melanomas seems most commonly caused by a. relatively short exposure to high intensity sunlight b. prolonged exposure to low intensity sunlight c. occasional exposure to X-rays d. exposure to background radiation a. relatively short exposure to high intensity sunlight Eccrine sweat glands a. are most comming in the armpits and groind b. respond primarily to elevated body temp c. respond primarily to emotional stress d. usually are associated with hair follicles b. respond primarily to elevated body temp True or False: Carcinomas appear most often in the skin of the neck, face, and scalp. True The subsutaneous layer is located a. above the epidermis b. between the epidermis and dermis c. within the dermis d. beneath the dermis d. beneath the dermis The nerve fibers scattered throughout the dermis are associated with a. muslces b. glands c. sensory reseptors d. all the above d. all of the above True or False: When the body temp drops below normal, dermal blood vessels are likely to dilate. False The dermis is composed largely of a. fibrous connective tissue b. loose connective tissue d. epithelial tissue d. adipose tissue a. fibrous connective tissue True or False: In healthy skin, the production of epidermal cells is closely balanced with the loss of skin cells. True True or False: The major blood vessels that supply the skin are located between the dermis and epidermis. False When smooth muscles in the walls of dermal blood vessels contract a. the vessels become dilated b. body heat is conserved c. more blood enters the dermis d. body temp tends to drop b. body heat is conserved True or False: Bone cells are arranged in concentric circles around the osteonic canals. True True or False: A mucus-secreting goblet cell would be an example of a unicellular gland. True True or False: The tissue that constitutes the outermost layer of the skin is a type of connective tissue. False True or False: A skeletal muscle fiber contains many nuclei. True True or False: Vacular tissue is composed of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets that are suspended in a fluid intercellular matrix called plasma. True True or False: General characteristics of muscle tissue are that it conducts nerve impulses from one neuron to another and coordinates body activities. False True or False: Bone cells are called osteocytes. True True or False: A nerve cell can also be called a neurological cell. False Which if the following cell types are least likely to reproduce? a. endothelial cells that line the digestive system b. fibroblasts of connective tissue c. skeletal muscle cells d. red bone marrow cells c. skeletal muscle cells The muscle tissue that can be consciously controlled is a. smooth b. skeletal c. intercalated d. none of the above b. skeletal Of the four major types of membranes, the one consisting of fibrous connective tissue overlying loose connective tissue is a. synovial membrane b. serous membrane c. mucous membrane d. cutaneous membrane a. synovial membrane Tendons and ligaments are composed primarily of a. adipose tissue b. fibrous connective tissue c. muscle tissue d. loose connective tissue b. fibrous connective tissue The tissue through whic gases are exchanged between the blood and the air in the lungs is a. stratified squamos epithelium b. simple squamos epithelium c. simple cuboidal epithelium d. simple columnar epithelium b. simple squamos epithelium Which of the following is not one of the four basic types of body tissue? a. epithalial tissue b. connective tissue c. brain tissue d. muscle tissue c. brain tissue A carcinoma is a cancer originating from a. epithelium b. connective tissue c. muscle tissue d. nerve tissue a. epithelium Which of the following is not a characteristic of nerve tissue? a. it's found in the brain, spinal cord and nerves c. it contains cells that respond by transitting impulses c. its intercellular spaces are filled with collagen d. functional cells are senstivie to changes in their surroundings c. its cellular spaces are filled with collagen A basement membrane occurs between a. muscle and nerve tissue b. epithelial and connective tissue c. connective and muscle tissue d. brain and nerve tissue b. epithelial and connective tissue Epithelial tissue functions in a. secretion b. absorption c. protection d. all of the above d. all of the above The tissue that forms the inner lining of the respiratory passage is a. psuedostratified b. ciliated c. mucus-secreting d. all of the above d. all of the above Bone cells are arranged in concentric circles around longitudinal tubeds called a. osteons b. osteonic canals c. luncunae d. caniliculi b. osteonic canals Reticuloendothelial tissue is composed of cells that are a. phagocytic b. hematopoietic c. able to transmit impulses d. found in the nervous system a. phagocytic About 90% of all cancers originate from a. epithelium b. connective tissue c. muscle tissue d. nerve tissue a. epithelium When cardiac muscles are damaged by a heart attack, they are usually replaced by a. new cardiac muslce cells b. ner smooth muscle cells c. connective tissue cells d. epithelial cells c. connective tissue cells Membranes lining body cavities that lack openings to the outside are called a. synovial b. mucous c. serous d. cutaneous c. serous Smooth muscle is found in the wall of a. the stomach b. the intestine c. the stomach and intestine d. neither the stomach nor the intestine c. the stomach and intestine True or False: Enzymes are proteins that promote specific chemical reactions True True or False: Vitamins are substances that cannot be synthesized in sufficent quantities by human cells. True True or False: Oxidation is a process by which bonds between the atoms of molecules are formed. False True or False: A metabolic pathway is a particular sequence of enzyme-controlled reactions. True True or False: An ATP molecule consists of adenine, a ribose, and three phosphates. True True or False: During anaerobic phase of respiration, pyruvic acid is changed to glucose. False The ozidation that occurs during cellular respiration differs from burning in that the respiration a. requires a large amount of energy to start the process b. utilizes enzymes to start the process c. involves a greater release of energy in the forms of heat and light d. none of the above b. utilizes enzymes to start the process Enzymes a. cause activation energy to be lowered b. act to initiate or speed metabolic reactions c. are not changed as a result of the reactions they control d. all of the above d. all of the above If a strand of DNA molecule contained the base sequence C T A G C, the complementary strand would be a. A G C T A b. G A T C G c. C T A G C d. T G C A T b. G A T C G Ketone bodies are produced as a by-product of a. carb metabolism b. protein metabolism c. fat metabolism d. all of the above c. fat metabolism If a DNA strand has the organic base sequence T T A C G A, the corresponding base sequence of mRNA would be a. A A U G C U b. A A T G C T c. T T A C G A d. U U T G C T a. A A U G C U Anabolic metabolism includes a. constructive processes by which substances are synthesized b. all processes needed to maintain life c. destructive processes by which substances are decomposed d. changes of larger molecules into smaller ones a. constructive processes by which substances are synthesized The process of copying DNA info into the structure of mRNA is called a. translation b. deamination c. transcription d. respiration c. transcription When ketones are present in excess, a person may develop a. alkalosis b. acidosis c. diabetes mellitus d. diabetes insipidus b. acidosis In dehydration synthesis of a large carb, a. large molecules are decomposed into smaller ones b. monosaccharides are joined together c. water molecules become joined to monosaccharide mole cules d. the molecule is decomposed into carbon dioxide and water b. monosaccharides are joined together A mutation is a a. changed in the rate of protein synthesis from mRNA b. change in the DNA molecule, which changes the protein that will be formed c. problem with the way mRNA molecules leave the nucleus d. lack of replication of DNA before cell division b. change in the DNA molecule, which changes the protein that will be formed The reactions of anaerobic respiration occur in the a. cytoplasm b. mitochondria c. nucleus d. all of the above a. cytoplasm Phenylketonuria results from the inability to metabolize a. glucose b. urea c. a fatty acid d. an amino acid d. an amino acid Which of the following is a mutagen? a. UV light b. X-ray c. both UV light and X-ray d. neither UV light nor X-ray c. both UV light and X-ray The enxyme catalase acts on the substrate a. oxygen b. hydrogen c. hydrogen peroxide d. peroxidase c. hydrogen peroxide During the process of protein synthesis, amino acids are positioned in the proper sequence by molecules of a. ribosomal RNA b. tRNA c. mRNA d. nuclear RNA b. tRNA DNA replication a. takes place during interphase of a cell's life cycle b. involves the pulling apart of a double-stranded DNA molecule c. results in 2 DNA molecules, each with an old strand and one with a new strand of nucleotides d. all of the above d. all of the above Which of the following substances increases in amount during cellular respiration? a. oxygen b. glucose c. ATP d. glycogen c. ATP The transfer of genetic info from the nucelus into the cytoplasm is a function of a. DNA molecules b. ribosomal RNA c. mRNA d. tRNA c. mRNA When a sucrose molecule is decomposed to yield a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule, a. the process involves dehydration synthesis b. a water molecule is released c. a water molecule is used d. none of the above c. a water molecule is used True or False: A cell that secretes a large quantity of proteins would have a larger number of lysosomes for this function. False True or False: A lysosocome is an example of a cellular organelle. True True or False: Osmosis is a special case of diffusion. True True or False: The anaphase of mitosis involves centromeres seperating and duplicating parts of chromosomes becoming separated. True True or False: Mitochondria function to manufacture proteins. False True or False: A 5% solution of glucose is isotonic to human cells True True or False: During the metaphse of mitosis, chromosomes line up between the two centrioles. True True or False: Cytoplasm occurs between the cell membrane and the nuclear envelope of a cell. True Tay-Sachs disease involves a cellular defect in a. membrane structure b. lysosomal enzymes c. ciliary activity d. mitotic spindles b. lysosomal enzymes Endoplasmic reticulum is a a. formless liquid b. cellular inclusion c. network of interconnective membranes d. membranous sac c. network of inerconnective membranes Differentiation seems to result from different a. DNA info being "turned on" in different cells b. cells possessing different kinds of DNA info c. cells possessing different kinds of chromosomes d. none of the above a. cell info being "turned on" in different cells Vesicles are formed by an action of the a. lysosomal membrane b. nuclear membrane c. cell membrane d. endoplasmic membrane c. cell membrane Ribosomes are composed largely of protein and a. lipid b. DNA c. RNA d. carbs c. RNA The tendency for cancer cells to have abnormalities in cellular structures is called a. hyperplasia b. anaplasia c. metastasis d. malignancy b. anaplasia The decrease in skeletal muscle size following a prolonged period of inactivity is most closely associated with the activity of a. peroxisomes b. lysosomes c. centrosomes d. ribosomes b. lysosomes Movement of molecules through a membrane by filtration depends upon the presence of a. osmotic pressure b. hydrostatic pressure c. atmospheric pressure d. non of the above b. hydrostatic pressure Mitochondria function to a. manufacture protein b. release energy from glucose molecules c. digest lipid molecules d. move chromosomes from place to place b. release energy from glucose molecules If a solution outside of a cell contains a greater concentration of dissolved particles than the contents of the cell, the solution is said to be a. isotonic b. iso-osmotic c. hypertonic d. hypotonic c. hypertonic Chemo usually makes use of drugs that affect the cancer cell's a. nuclear membranes b. cytoplastmic membranes c. DNA molecules d. lysosomes c. DNA molecules Because of mitosis and cytoplastmic division, the resulting cells contain a. identical chromosomes b. identical DNA info c. both identical chromosomes and DNA info d. neither identical chromosomes nor DNA info Which of the following cellular processes requires the greatest expenditure of cellular energy? a. diffusion b. osmosis c. active transport d. dialysis c. active transport A nucleolus is composed largely of a. RNA and protein b. RNA and lipid c. DNA and protein d. DNA and lipid b. RNA and lipid If the concentration of glucose in the water outside of a cell is higher than the concentration inside a. water will enter the cell by osmosis b. water will leave the cell by osmosis c. glucose will enter the cell by osmosis d. glucose will leave the cell by osmosis b. water will leave the cell by osmosis Which of the following processes involves the use of specific carrier molecules? a. phagocytosis b. pinocytosis c. active transport d. dialysis d. dialysis During metaphase, chromosomes a. line up between the centrioles b. change into chromatin c. migrate to opposite poles of the cell d. are surrounded by a nuclear membrane a. line up between the centrioles During hemodialysis, if the concentration of glucose in the blood is higher than the concentration of glucose in the dialyzing fluid, a. glucose concentration of the blood will increase b. glucose concentration of the dialyzing fluid will increase c. glucose concentration of the dialyzing fluid will decrease d. glucose concentration in the blood and dialyzing fluid will remain unchanged b. glucose concentration of the dialyzing fluid will increase Which of the following is isotonic to red blood cells? a. .9% NaCl solution b. distilled water c. .9% glucose solution d. none of the above a. .9% NaCl solution Membrane proteins function as a. receptors b. pores c. selective channels d. all of the above d. all of the above