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John Tyler
(Whig) completely attached to principle; annexed Texas
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Winfield Scott
best known for taking Mexico City for the United States
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Zachary Taylor
presidency for two years
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James K. Polk
"The Spot Resolutions"
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David Wilmot
Wilmot Proviso - no slavery could exist in any land bought in the Mexico Cession
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Joint resolution
a joint majority votes on a subject in both houses (specifically in these chapters to annex Texas)
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Webster-Ashburton Treaty
the treaty that ended the Aroostook War (ended the brawl between Maine and Canada)
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Tariff of 1842
brings tax of imported foods into about 25%
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Bear Flag Revolt/Republic
John Fremont led the revolt in California
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John Slidell
sent to Mexico by President Polk to buy California
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Nicholas P. Triste
responsible for writing the Treaty of Guadulape-Hidalgo which ends the Mexican War.
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Stephen W. Kearny
taking of Santa Fe
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Manifest Destiny
"ordained by God: to move as far as west as possible - John Sullivan
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conscious whigs
against slavery
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Aroostook War
a fight over the boundary of Canada and the United States
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Free Soil Party
This party was organized by antislavery men in the north in 1848. It advocated no expansion of slavery into the territories and the passsage of the Wilmot Proviso. To be more broad-based, they were in favor of federal aid for internal improvements and free government homesteads for settlers.
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Sutter's Mill, California
Gold was discovered here in 1848
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Underground Railroad
This consisted of an informal chain of "stations", cellars, clearings in the woods, church attics, etc. through which hundreds of "passengers" were led by conductors to freedom in the north (Canada).
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Seventh of March Speech
Daniel Webster called for compromise and concession to the series of issues Henry Clay wrote bills on. This urging resulted in many of the North agreeing to compromise
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The Parts of the Compromise of 1850
- Concessions to the North- California admitted as a free state
- - Territory disputed by Texas/ New Mexico
- - Abolition of the slave trade (but not owning slaves) in D.C.
- Concessions to the South- The remainder of the Mexican Cession area to be formed in territories of New Mexico and Utah without restriction on slavery
- - Texas to receive $10 million from the federal government as compensation
- - A more stringent fugitive-slave law going beyond that of 1793
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William Walker
In 1856, he set himself up as the president of Nicaragua and set up what was to be another slave state in the United States
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Matthew Perry
In 1854, he opened Japan to trade with the United States
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Ostend Manifesto
This document urged the US government to offer Spain cash fir Cuba, but if they turned us down for the US to take Cuba by force
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Gasden Purchase
This small strip of land in the southwest was bought from Mexico to build a southern-route transcontinental railroad
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Kansas-Nebraska Act
This act of Congress, introduced by Stephen Douglas, repealed the Missouri Compromise and opened the Kansas and Nebraska territories to popular sovereignty
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"Fire Eaters"
These southerners were so adamant about the expansion of slavery everywhere in the US they were given this burning nickname. They would not compromise on the issue
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Harriet Beecher Stowe
writer of Uncle Tom's Cabin and sister of Catherine Beecher, her book changed people's opinions of slavery
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John Brown
abolitionist of slavery from Massachusetts, he led a slave revolt into Harper's Ferry, VA and was captured by General Robert E. Lee (also led the massacre at Pottawatomie Creek)
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Jefferson Davis
became President of the confederacy when the southern states succeeded from the union
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Uncle Tom's Cabin
written by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1852, it was a fictional depiction of a male slave which helped shaped the thoughts of people who thought nothing of slavery
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Hinton R. Helper
wrote The Impending Crisis of the South in 1857 which revolved around the idea that the poor white southerners were affected(by not having any sources of labor bevaise plantation owners had free labor)
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Dred Scott
first slave to ever sue in federal court (unsuccessfully), court ruled that he was no citizen (seven to two judges) and he had not rights to sue for his freedom (for he had been living in Wisconsin/Illinois territory
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Abraham Lincoln
won election of 1860, won only be electoral vote; the popular votes he took was about 25% of the total, south did not approve and began to secede from the Union
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Pottawatomie Creek Massacre
led by John Brown, he took about four of his sons and three other people and killed about five sleeping people and tore them to pieces.
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Dred Scott Decision
The Supreme Court declared in a ruling of seven judges to two that Dred Scott was not a citizen, he was a slave, and therefore could not exercise rights that a citizen would have; also said that it was unconstitutional for the court to determine where slavery could be in the country (because of the idea of popular sovereignty)
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Lincoln- Douglas Debates
a series of debates occured between "honest abe" and Stephen A. Douglas when they were running for the seat of senate for illinois. Lincoln did not win, but became known which set him up for the election of 1860
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Harpers Ferry Raid
John Brown led an uprising in Harpers Ferry in which he almost started a slave revolt, but failed because he was captured
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John C. Beckinridge
leader of the Democratic convention in Baltimore, he favored extension of slavery into territories and annexation of Cuba
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Panic of 1857
not so bad economically as the Panic of 1837, but psychollogically it was probably the worst of the 19th century (Overspeculation of the economy again)
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Charles Sumner
almost beaten to death by Preston Brooks about speaking out against slavery
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Roger Taney
cheif justice of supreme court during the Dred Scott case
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John Bell
southern candidate of the election of 1860
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Lecompton Constitution
declared that you could keep your slaves despite the slave trade being abolished
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Know-Nothing Party
first deals out with anti-immigration
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James Buchanan
Democratic president in1856 (did not really do anything)
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John Crittenden/ Crittenden Compromise
a ploy that tried to prevent seccession of the South but Abraham Lincoln quickly vetoed it.
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Freeport Doctrine
speech that Douglas gave about popular sovereignty saying it would always rule
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