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What are the three types of muscle tissue?
- Skeletal muscle
- Cardiac muscle
- Smooth muscle
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What is the most abundant muscle tissue?
Skeletal muscle
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Which of the three muscle tissues is striated, voluntary, and moves bones on skeleton?
Skeletal muscle
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Which of the three muscle tissues is striated, involuntary, and forms wall of heart?
Cardiac muscle
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Which of the three muscle tissues is non-striated, involuntary, and forms wall of hollow internal organs?
Smooth muscle
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What muscle tissues are a part of the Somatic Nervous System? Autonomic Nervous System?
- Somatic Nervous System—Skeletal
- Autonomic Nervous System—Smooth and Cardiac
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What are the four special characteristics of muscle tissue?
- Electrical Excitability
- Contractility
- Extensibility
- Elasticity
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Which of the four special characteristics of muscle tissue is the ability to respond to stimuli by producing an electrical signal (action potential)?
Electrical Excitability
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Which of the four special characteristics of muscle tissue is the ability to shorten forcibly when adequately stimulated?
Contractility
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Which of the four special characteristics of muscle tissue is the ability to stretch without being damaged?
Extensibility
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Which of the four special characteristics of muscle tissue is the ability to return to its original shape after contraction or stretching?
Elasticity
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What are the seven major functions of muscle tissue?
- Movement
- Produces heat
- Cardiac—heart beat and smooth—peristalsis
- Stabilizing joints
- Support
- Protection
- Stores calcium (Ca2+)
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Three of the four connective tissues sheaths of the skeletal muscle are epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium. What type of connective tissues compose each of those?
- Epimysium and Perimysium—Dense, irregular CT
- Endomysium—Loose, areolar CT
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The fourth connective tissue sheath are fascicles describe what those are.
Bundles of muscle fibers
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What is the same thing as a muscle fiber?
Muscle cell
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What is sarcolemma?
Plasma membrane of muscle cell
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What is sarcoplasm?
Cytoplasm of muscle cell
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What are the two components found in the sarcoplasm?
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Which of the two components found in the sarcoplasm stores glycogen?
Glycosomes
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Which of the two components found in the sarcoplasm is a red pigment that stores oxygen?
Myoglobin
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What are the three specialized intracellular structures of muscle cells?
- Myofibrils
- Sarcoplasmic reticulum
- T tubules
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Which of the three specialized intracellular structures is continuous with the sarcolemma and allows muscle cells to communicate with one another through nerve impulses?
T tubules
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Which of the three specialized intracellular structures is a smooth endoplasmic reticulum that stores and releases calcium (Ca2+)?
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
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What is the purpose of Ca2+ in the muscles?
Signal for muscle contraction
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Which of the three specialized intracellular structures are many sarcomeres lined up end to end?
Myofibrils
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What causes the striations of the muscle cell (name them as bands)?
- Dark A Bands
- Light I Bands
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Which band contains thick (myosin) filament?
Dark A Bands
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Which band contains thin (actin) filament?
Light I Bands
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What is a sarcomere?
Smallest contractile unit of skeletal muscle
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Which filament consists of many myosin molecules whose heads protrude at opposite ends of the filaments?
Thick (myosin) filament
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Which filament consists of two strands of actin subunits twisted into a helix plus two types of regulatory proteins?
Thin (actin) filament
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What are the regulatory proteins of the thin filaments?
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What function do the regulatory proteins serve in the muscles?
Regulation in muscle contractions
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What happens during muscle contraction?
Formation of actin-myosin crossbridges (actin filaments slide past myosin—overlapping of the two)
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What causes muscle shortening?
Shortening in the size of sarcomere
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What is the correct order of the muscle hierarchy?
Muscle—Bundles of muscle fibers (fascicles)—Muscle fiber—Myofibril—Sarcomere—Thick filaments (myosin) and thin filaments (actin)
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