-
decaboxylation test attacks on the _____ from the _____. Lowers _____ of media
-
Phenylalanine Deamination test abibly to produce. Attacks _____ in the amino acid.
deaminase. Amine
-
phenylalanine deaminase test reacts with _____ with Phenylpyruvic acid and does what…
ferric chloride and turns dark green
-
what test is this
- phenylalanine deamination
- left negative right positive
-
- decarboxylation test.
- left positive right negative
-
Urea hydrolysis looks for what enzyme
produces the _____ of amino acids
lowers..
-
Gelatin hydrolosis for what enzyme
gelatinase
-
SIM
- S: break down cysteine.
- I: tryptophan break down into pyruvate by tryptophanase. kovacs reagent
- M; able to move throughout culture
-
Effect of osmotic pressure. Not NaCl (3)
- Hyposmotic: h2o moves in
- hyperosmotic:h2o moves out
- isosmotic: in and out
-
effect of osmotic pressure. NaCl (3)
- halophiles: 3% or higher
- extreme halophiles: 15-25%
- osmotolerant: range
-
effect of pH organisms (3)
- acidophiles: ph < 5.5
- neutrophiles: 5.5-8.5
- alkaliphiles: pH> 8.5
-
-
effect of temp (5)
- psychrophiles <20
- psychrotrophs: 0-30
- mesophiles 15-45
- thermophiles >40
- extreme thermophiles 65-110
-
types of ultraviolet light
which is most harmful and why
- UV A,B,C.
- UVC, because is changes DNA and causes dimers
-
how many colonies in a countable plate
25-300 cfu.
-
serial dilution is a _____ method
indirect.
-
three common dilution methods
- streak plate
- pour plate
- spread plate
-
PEA (phnylethyl Alcohol Agar)
selctive for what and inhibit what
- selective gor gram positive streptococcie, staphylococci, and entrococco.
- inhibit gram negative growth.
-
left gram (+0 right gram (-)
-
Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA)
selective for what, how much salt
- selectis for gram positive.
- 7.5% salt
-
MSA ( Mannitol Salt Agar) Growth
Yellow grow W/ yellow halo
pink growth
no growth
- - positive for mannitol fermentation (G+)
- - negative for fermentation (g+)
- - probably gram negative
-
MSA
- YY: fermentation
- pink: no fermentation G+
- no growth: gram negative
-
Bile esculin contains what media. Selects for what
- ferric citrate
- Group D streptococcus and enterococcus
-
bile esculin growth
black
non (brown)
- hydrolize bile esculin
- no hydrolyze
-
Bile esculin
- left positive to hydrolyze bile esculin
- right negative cannot hydrolyze
-
EMB( Eosin Methlene Blue Agar) slecets for what
- sugar(lactose/sucrose) allow growth for fecal coliform
- inhibit gram positive. DYES.
-
EMB
- Left coloform ferment lactose
- right coliform ferment lactose
- bottom gram positive
-
Hektoen Enteric Agar (HE) isolate what
gram negative
-
HE
- Top: lactose ferment
- Right: non ferment, sulfur reduction
- Botom: gram negative (cannot ferment or reduce)
- Left: gram positive
-
Macckonky agar contains what
lactose, bile salts, indicator dyes
-
MacConky Agar
- 1: not inhibited by bile (g-) kind ferment lactose
- 2. Not inhibited by bile, ferment lactose. (g-)
- 3. inhibited by bile (g+)
- 4. not inhibited by bile, no ferment lactose (g-)
-
define disinfectant
reduce number of microbes on non-living surfaces.
-
define antiseptic
germicide used on living tissue
-
zone of inhibition
bacteria sensitivity to antibiotic
-
define bacterialcidal
kill organism
-
define bacteriostatic
inhibit organism
-
organism used to make sauerkraut
lactobacillus spp
-
organism used to make ginger ale
bakers years
-
organism used to make yogurt (2)
lactobacillus bul. and streptococcus therm.
-
organism that makes vinegar
saccharomyces
-
-
define coliform
- falcutative areobe/ areobic
- gram negative
- lactose fermenter
-
multiple tube test
fecal coliforms
-
serial dilution is for what test
microbes in food
-
propioniobacterium
and why so special
- live in hair follicles. maintain pH of skin 3-5
- usually bacteria on skin is g+ and salt tolerant
-
what agar do we put skin sample on
MSA (mannitol Salt Agar)
-
What organism is on this MSA plate
Staphylococcus Aureus
-
normal flora of skin
gram + salt tolerant and resist drying and secretions of oil glands
-
upper respiratory flora v Lower
Upper has micro flora. lower is supposed to be sterile. or anaerobe microbes
-
antagonism in lower reps. tract
suppressing growth of other organisms in competitions of nutrients and production os inhibitory substances.
-
what agar is used for hemolysis
Blood Agar
-
the throat has which main species
streptococcus
-
what species produces hemolysin's
streptococcus; which destroy red blood cells
-
three types of hemolysin
- alpha; green and middle
- beta; clear zone: bad
- gama; no color and healthy
-
hemolysin and what agar
- left: beta/ bad
- middle: alpha middle
- right: gamma/ good
-
bacteria in large intestine
- enterobacteriace
- lactobacillus
- enterococcus
- bifi
- bacteroides
-
GI infections usually cause from...
ingestion of food and water
-
GI tract gets plated on what
McConkey Agar with poop to find g- coliforms
-
TSIA agar has what amount of glucose and lactose/sucros
.01, 1%
-
TSIA reuslts
- a ferment glucose but not S/L
- b. produce ammonia
- d. h2S production
- e. acid produce
-
positive result for UTI
- >1000 same species
- > 100 coliforms
-
equation for Urine
CFU/ loop volume
loop volume .01 unless given.
-
the 4 classes of fungi
- Zygomycetes
- ascomycetes
- vasidiomycetes
- deuteromycetes
-
The 2 structures on fungus
- hyphae: long part
- spore: circle part
-
structure on yeast
pseudohyphae
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