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Runways with basic markings and are intended for aircraft conducting a visual approach
Visual runways
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Includes markings such as guidance aircraft on non-precision instrument approaches. Includes threshold markings, runway designation, centerlines, and aiming points.
Non-precision instrument runways
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Runways with threshold markings, numbers, centerlines, touchdown zones, and aiming points
Precision runways
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Runway holding position (Runway hold short line)
Double solid line
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Red background with white numbers
Runway(s)
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Instrument landing system (ILS)
Becomes the hold short line in low visibility
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Displaced threshold marking
White chevrons
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Relocated threshold marking
Yellow chevron (can't takeoff until past threshold)
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Blastpad/Stopway marking (overrun)
Large, yellow chevrons
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Runway location sign
Black background, yellow number, yellow border (located on runway)
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Black background, White number on runway
Feet remaining in thousands of feet
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Solid single yellow line
Marks the centerline of the taxiway
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Double yellow line (not intended for aircraft use)
Marks the taxiway edge
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Dashed double yellow line
Marks taxiway edge, differentiating the taxiway from adjoining pavement which is used by aircraft, such as a run-up area or a ramp
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VASI
Visual Approach Slope Indicator - 2 over 2
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PAPI
- Precision Approach Path Indicator - 1 row of 4
- lights
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Identifies the type and location of an airport
Airport beacon
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Civil airport beacon
One white, One green light
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Military airport beacon
Two white lights and a quick green light
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Climbing, 180 degree turn
Closed turn
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Continuous 180 degree turn to final
Base turn/Final turn
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Wake turbulence avoidance
- 3 minutes behind heavy and large aircraft
- 2 minutes behind small plus
- 1 minute behind small helicopters or 3000' lateral spacing with small fixed-wing aircraft
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Right of way rules
- Final approach to land or while landing
- Lower altitude
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Taxi left
- Left turn
- Right ball
- Heading decreasing on two
- Attitude indicator check
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Taxi right
- Right turn
- Left ball
- Heading increasing on two
- Attitude indicator check
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Wingtip clearance
25 ft (in most situations)
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Daytime fuel requirements
30 minutes past final destination
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Nighttime fuel requirements
45 minutes past final destination
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Captain's bars on runways
Aiming point
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Classes of airplanes
- Airplane
- RotorcraftÂ
- Glider
- Lighter-than-air
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Categories of airplanes
- Single-engine land
- Single-engine sea
- Multi-engine land
- Multi-engine sea
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