history/physics/characteristics of radiology

what is radiation

what is x-radiation

what is an x-ray

what is the science or study of radiation as used in medicine

what is a branch of medical science that deals with the use of x-rays, radioacitive substances, and other forms of radiant energy in the diagnosis and treatment of disease

what is a visible picture on film produced by the passage of x-rays through an object or body; also called and x-ray film

is a radiograph an x-ray

what is a photographic image produced on film by the passage of x-rays through teeth and related structures called...

________is the art and science of making radiographs by the exposure of film to x-rays

______is the production/making of radiographs of the teeth and adjacent structures by the exposure of film to x-rays

any person who positions, exposes, and processes x-ray film is called a...

what is the importance of dental radiographs

list 5 uses of dental radiographs (out of )

What term indicates form of energy carried by waves or stream of particles

what is the study or science of radiation as used in medicine

what is a stream of high-speed electrons originating from the cathode in x-ray tube

____is a beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image shadows on photographic fim

what is a sealed glass tube with most air evacuated

____is the production of radiographs of the TEETH and adjacent structures by the exposure of film to x-rays

what type of electrical charge does the proton carry

what is an atom that gains or loses an electron and becomes electrically unbalanced?

two or more atoms joined by a chemical bond

what is the emission and propogation of energy through space or substance in waves or particles

what is the production of ions, or process of converting an atom into ions (electron removed)

what is unstable atoms or elements spontaneously disintegrating/decaying in an effort to attain a more balanced nuclear state

what can be defined as radiation that is capable of producing ions by removing or adding an electron

when an electron is removed from an atom in the ionization process what is left...

what contains the on-off switch, indicator light, exposure button, and control devices

what is the negative electrode that contains tungsten wire filament in molybdenum holder

what supplies electrons for an x-ray

what produces electrons for an x-ray

what contains x-ray tube that produces x-rays

what consists of a metal housing, insulating oil, tubehead seal, x-ray tube, transformer, aluminum disks, lead collimator, position-indicating device(PID)

what supplies electrons that are necessary to generate x-rays

what dissapates the heat away from the tungsten target and is located in the anode

what is the measurement of the number of electrons moving through a conductor

what is the x-ray tube peak voltage used during exposure

what is energy of motion

what is the release of electrons from tungsten filament when electrical current passes through and heats the filament

what is the leaded glass vacuum tube that prevints x-rays from escaping in all directions called

leaded-glass housing

what is the measurement of electrical force that causes electrons to move from a negative pole to a positive one

what is the term for the penetrating x-ray beam that is produced at thte target of the anode and that exits the tubehead

what is it called when an x-ray photon is deflected from it's path during passage through matter, causing ionization, and happening 62% of the time

what happens 8% of the time during exposure and does not cause ionization

what is x-radiation created by primary beam interacting with matter

what dislodges an inner-shell electron, causes ionization, and only happens at =>70kVp

molecules are formed in two ways

what is an atom that gains or loses an electron and becomes electrically unbalanced

ion

what is the production of ions

what is capable of producing ions by removing or adding an electron to an atom

what type of radiation is tiny particles, that posses mass, travel in straight lines, and at high speeds

what are the four types of  particulate radiation

what are accelerated hydrogen nuclei

what are accelerated particles with mass of 1 and NO electrical charge

what are streams of high-speed electrons that originate in an x-ray tube and emitted by a manufactured device

what are fast moving electrons emitted from nucleus of radioactive atoms

what are emitted from the nuclei of heavy metals and exist as 2 protons and neutrons, NO electrons

what is capable of producing ions by removing or adding an electron to an atom

what is the propagation of wavelike energy through space or matter positioned at right angles

what are arranged in the electromagnetic spectrum according to their energies,and may be artificial or natural

electromagnetic radiation

Name 3 high-energyradiations capable of ionization

what characterizes electromagnetic radiation in terms of discrete bundles of energy called photons or quanta

what are bundles of energy with no mass or weight

photons

what travel as waves at the speed of light and move through space in a straight line

what are the 3 components to the wave concept

what is the speed of a wave

what is the distance between the tops of the crests of waves

what is the number of wavelengths that pass a given point in a certain amount of time

high freq=____wavelength

long wavelength=___freq

x-rays=___freq+___wavelength

what is high=energy, ionizing electromagnetic radiation

x-radiation

what interacts with the materials they penetrate and cause ionization

x-rays travel at the speed of___

what controls the time, kilovoltage, milliamperage, and where is it located

what suspends the x-ray tubehead and houses the wires, and allows for movement and positioning

what is the tightly sealed, heavy metal housing, that contains the x-ray tube that produces dental x-rays

what surrounds the x-ray tube and transformers, protects tube and grounds high voltage components

what surrounds the x-ray tube and prevents overheating

what permits the exit of x-rays

what is the heart of the generating system

what alters the voltage of incoming electricity

what filters out longer wavelengths and is in the path of the x0ray beam

what restricts size of x-ray beam

what aims and shapes x-ray beam

what includes leaded-glass housing, cathode, anode and is a glass vacuum tube

what directs the beam toward the aluminum disks, lead collimator, and PID

what is the positive electrode consisting of a tungsten plate)target) embedded in a copper rod

what converts electrons into photons and has a copper stem to dissipate heat

what is the negative electrode that consists of a tungsten wire filament in a cupholder of molybdenum that supplies electrons necessary to generate x-rays

what is the electrical current when electrons flow in one direction

what is the electrical current when electrons flow in two opposite directions

what is the conversion of alternating current to direct current (AC->DC)

what is the measurement of the number of electrons moving through a conductor
"conductor of an orchestra..."

what is the measurement of electrical force that causes electrons to move from a negative pole to a postive one

what can increase or decrease the number of electrons passing through the cathode filament

what controls the current passing from the cathode to the anode

which circuit uses 3 to 5 volts, regulates flow of electrical current to the filament, and is controlled by mA

which circuit uses 65k-100k volts, provides high voltage required to generate x-rays, and is controlled by kV settings

mA=#of electrons

kV=^current

what device increases or decreases the voltage in an electrical circuit

which transformer is used to decrease voltage and is used by the filament circuit

which transformer has more wires on the primary coil

which transformer is used to increase voltage, has more wires onthe secondary coil, and is used by the high-voltage circuit

which transformer auto=corrects for minor fluctuations because of the need for a steady flow

what is the release of electrons from the tungsten filament when the electrical current passes through it and heats the filament

what supplies the power to generate x-rays

the electrons stay in an electron cloud until the _______ circuit is activated

what directs the electrons to the tungsten target into the anode from the cathode

what restricts the size of the x-ray beam

the x-ray beam exits the tubehead at the opening of the...

what radiation is produced when electrons hit or pass the nucleus of a tungsten target

what percent is general radiation

what radiation is produced when a high=speed electron dislodges an inner-shell electron causing ionization and only occurs at =>70kVp

what radiation is the penetrating x-ray beam that is produced at the target of the anode

what radiation is created when the primary beam interacts with matter (teeth, bones, soft tissues)

what radiation is a form of secondary radiation deflected from it's path by an interaction with matter

when the x-ray photon passes through the atom and everything is unchanged, producing densities on film and making radiology possible

____is the total transfer of energy from photon to the atoms of matter (patient)

what effect occurs 30% when an x-ray photon collides with a tightly bound inner-shell electron, gives up all its energy to eject the electron, and is absorbed by other atoms

what scatter occurs 62% when photon is deflected and ionization occurs...non-hit

what scatter happens 8% when low-energy photon interacts with an outer shell electron and does not cause ionization (more dense, bone=^chance of this scatter)