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The total number of live births, regardless of age of mother, per 1,000 women of reproducing age
Fertility Rate
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The number of live births per 1,000 people
Birthrate
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The has been a ______ in fertility and birthrates between 1910 to 2010
Decrease
-
The birthrates ____ for women age 15-29, but ___ for women ages 30-45
decreased, increased
-
Neonates born at less than 32 weeks of gestation are considered to be:
Very Premature
-
Neonates born between 32-33 weeks gestation are considered to be:
Moderately premature
-
Neonates born between 34-37 weeks gestation are considered to be:
Late Premature
-
A low birth weight (LBW) baby is defined as a birth weight that is _____
<2,500 grams but > 1,500 grams
-
A Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) baby is defined as a birth weight that is ____
less than 1,500 grams
-
The weight of ______ at birth is an important predictor of future morbidity and mortality rates
neonates
-
Death before the babies first birthday is considered:
Infant Mortality
-
Infant mortality has significantly ______ since 1940
Decreased
-
The decrease of SIDS rates can be related to:
parents placing their infant on their back to sleep versus their stomachs
-
____ is defined by the WHO as the death of a woman during pregnancy or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy
Maternal Death
-
Death resulting from complications during pregnancy, labor/birth, and/or postpartum and from interventions, omission of interventions, or incorrect treatment
Direct Obstetric Death
-
Death that is due to a preexisting disease or disease that develops during pregnancy that does not have direct obstetrical cause; but its likelihood is aggravated by the changes of pregnancy
Indirect Obstetric Death
-
Death that occurs more than 42 days after termination of pregnancy from a direct or indirect obstetrical cause
Late Maternal Death
-
Maternal death during pregnancy or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy regardless of the cause of death
Pregnancy-related cause
-
99% of deaths occur in
Developing Countries
-
Primary causes of maternal deaths worldwide:
- Severe Hemorrhage
- Infections
- Eclampsia
- Obstructed Labor
- Complication of Abortions
- Anemia/HIV/AIDS/CAD
-
Primary issues affecting the health of mothers and infants:
- Birthrates for teens
- Tobacco use during pregnancy
- Substance Abuse
- Obesity
- Health Disparities
-
Health issues for teen mothers:
- STDs / HIV
- -Chlamydia (newborn eye infection risk)
- -Syphilis (neonatal blindness and increased risk for death)
- Higher risk for HTN
-
Health issues of neonates born to teen mothers:
Greater risk of health problems that include prematurity and/or low birth weight
-
_____ are less likely to seek early and continuous prenatal care
Low-income women
-
Obese pregnant women are at higher risk for:
- Gestational HTN
- Preeclampsia
- Gestational diabetes
- Thromboembalism
- C-section
- Wound infections
- Shoulder dystocia related to macrosomia (bw > 4000 grams)
- Sleep apnea
- Anesthesia complications
-
The Fetuses/Infants of obese pregnant women are at higher risk for:
- Spina Bifida
- Heart Defects
- Anorectal Atresia
- Hypospadias
-
Examples of barriers to access health care are:
limited finances, lack of transportation, difficulty with dominant language, and attitudes of the health care team
-
Low birth weight and premature neonates are at a higher risk for:
chronic respiratory diseases and abnormalities in neurological development
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