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Acid
- Produce H+Donate H+ (Protons)
- Electrolytes
- Sour
- Stings
- Turns litmus paper red
- Neutralizes Bases
- HCl, Vinegar, Citric
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Base
- Produce OH-Accepts H+ (Protons)
- Electrolytes
- Bitter
- Slippery
- Turns Blue
- Neutralizes acids
- NaOH, Baking Soda, Drugs
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Bronsted - Lowry for Acids
Donates a proton. Proton + (+) Particle, H+
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Bronsted - Lowry for Bases
Accepts a protons when dissolved in "another" substance
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Amphoteric Substance
Can act like an acid or a base depending on what it is reacting with.
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Conjugated Acid
- A new acid made in reaction
- Make conjugated bases
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Conjugated Base
A new base made in a chem reaction
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Strong Acids
- HCl = Hydrocloric acid
- HBr = Hydrobromic acid
- HI = Hydroiodic acid
- H2SO4 = Sulfuric acid
- HNO3 = Nitric Acid
- HClO4 = Percholoric Acid
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Strong Bases
- LiOH = Lithium Hydroxide
- NaOH = Sodium Hydroxide
- KOH = Potassium Hydroxide
- Ca(OH)2 = Calcium Hydroxide
- Sr(OH)2 = Strontium Hydroxide
- Ba(OH)2 = Barium Hydroxide
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[H3O+] = Larger ->
Acidic
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[OH-] = Larger -> ?
Basic
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[H3O+] = [OH-] ->
Neutral
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Sig Fig rules for pH
# Sf in conc = # places after decimal in pH
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Organic
- Contains C, H. Sometimes O, S, N, or Cl (F, Br I) "CHONS"
- Particles: Molecules
- Bonding: Mostly Covalent
- Polarity: Nonpolar, unless a strongly electronegative atom is present
- Melting point: Usually low
- Boiling point: Usually low
- Flammability: High
- Solubility in water: Not soluble, unless a polar group is present.
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Alkanes end with ?
Ane - Contains a single bond
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Chemical Formula = ?
Molecular Formula
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CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
Condensed structure
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CH3-(CH2)3-CH3
"Condensed" Condensed structure
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Skeletal formula or Geometric formula
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l
CH3 - CH - CH3
Isopropyl
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Isometers
Same molecular equation - Different arrangement
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Ene
4 H. Max # H unsaturated
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Ane
6 H. Max # H Saturated Hydro-carbon
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