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In which 3 countries is there documents saying milk existed?
-Babylon
-egypt
-india
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nutrient milk contains (4)
-complete proteins
-b vitamins
-A
-D
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Which nutrients is it low in? (5)
-c
-e
-iron
-carbs
-fiber
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Where does butter derive from?
milk
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Which 2 components are used in processed foods?
-proteins
-milk sugar
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3 ways milk proteins are used in processed foods
-nutrients
-emulsifiers & stabilizers
-gelling
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What is casein protein used for in processed foods?
Emulsifiers & stabilizers
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What is whey protein sued for in processed foods?
gelling
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What is the milk sugar found in milk?
lactose
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3 ways lactose is used
-browning of baked goods
-confectionary
-frozen desserts
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What 6 things does milk contribute to in food?
-protein content
-moisture
-foaming
-emulsification
-texture
-flavor
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How many grams of lactose is in an 8 oz cup?
12 grams of lactose
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How many grams of protein are typically in each cup of milk (8 oz)?
8 grams per cup
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What is the synonymous word for milk fat in milk?
Butter fat
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What 3 things does milk fat contribute to?
-flavor
-mouthfeel
-stability
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What is the range of calories that is contained in each cup of milk?
86-150 kcal
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Around how many grams of fat `is in a cup of milk?
8 grams of fat
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How many mg of cholesterol is in whole milk?
33 mg
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How many mg of cholesterol is in reduced milk?
18 mg
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How many mg of cholesterol is in non-fat?
4 mg
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4 vitamins in milk
-a
-d
-riboflavin (b2)
-tryptophan which is used to formulate niacin
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4 minerals in milk
-calcium
-phosphorus
-potassium
-magnesium
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Around what percent does water make milk?
87.4 %
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Color of milk) what 4 factors contribute to milk color?
-fat
-colloidally dispersed casein
- -riboflavin
- *give it opaque appearence
- -carotene in animal feeds
- *provides yellowish tinge butter & cream
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food additives) when did vitamin d fortification begin?
It began in 1930s to prevent rickets
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food additives) when did vitamin A fortification begin?
1940s
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food additives) rBGH, it is defined as a food additive?
no
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food additives) what does rBGH do in a diary cattle?
Increases milk production by 10% in cattle
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food additives) why does the book say that rBGH is not dangerous to us?
It is dissolved in our stomachs
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Grades in milk) how are grades differentiated?
According to bacterial count
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Grades in milk) which has the lowest bacterial count between grade a and b?
grade A has the lowest bacterial count
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Grades in milk) which are the 2 milk grades for fat free dry milk ?
-US extra
-US standard
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What must milk & milk products crossing state lines be?
pasuterized
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Who is responsible for grading milks?
USDA
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What did the Grade A milk ordinance order?
pasterurization
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Who invented pasteurization?
Louis pasteur
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What is the concept behind pasteurization?
Heating milk kills bacteria
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Pasteurization) what is one sign that milk is safe?
When alkaline phosphatase no longer is active
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Pasteurization) what temps do Ultra pasteurization uses?
Around 280 F for 2 seconds
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Pasteurization) what is UHT?
ultrapasteurization combined with sterile packaging procedures
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Pasteurization) 3 characteristics of UHT?
-can be stored w/o refrigeration up to 2 months
-Aseptically sealed
-extends shelf life by killing more bacteria
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What is homogenization in milk?
Prevents separation of water and fat
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What is mechanical process in homogenization?
- Breaks up fat globules into smaller globules that do not clump together
- *they become permanently dispersed in emulsion
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What is creaming?
Separation of water & fat
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Homogenized milk) coagulation and homogenized milk
Coagulates more which is good for puddings, sauces
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Homogenized milk) what is this type of milk more prone to?
- Rancidity
- *can be reduced by pasteurization
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Where can creaming be usually seen in?
Unprocessed milk
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Fluid milk & cream) what percent of milk is produced this way in the US?
1/2 of all milk produced in the US
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Fluid milk & cream) what are the 3 major categories of fresh fluid cows milk?
-whole
-reduced fat & low fat
-fat free or nonfat
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Fluid milk & cream) fresh fluid cow milk: what percent of milk fat does whole milk have?
-3.25% milk fat
-
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Fluid milk & cream) fresh fluid cow milk: what percent of MSNF does whole milk have?
8.25%
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What is MSNF?
Total solids minus the fat
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Fluid milk & cream) fresh fluid cow milk: what percent of milk fat does reduced fat contain?
2%
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Fluid milk & cream) fresh fluid cow milk: what percent of milk fat does low fat contain?
1 %
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Fluid milk & cream) fresh fluid cow milk: minimum MSNF for reduced fat & low fat milk
8.25% MSNF
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Fluid milk & cream) fresh fluid cow milk: which vitamin fortification is required in reduced and low fat milk?
- Vitamin A fortification
- *D is optional
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Fluid milk & cream) fresh fluid cow milk: percent of milk fat in fat-free or nonfat milk?
0.5%
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Fluid milk & cream) fresh fluid cow milk: minimum MSNF in fat-free or nonfat milk?
8.25%
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Fluid milk & cream) fresh fluid cow milk: vitamin fortification required in fat-free or nonfat?
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Fluid milk) 5 examples of animal that provide milk
-goat
-sheep
-camel
-reindeer
-llama
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Flavored fluid milks) is chocolate milk pasteurized?
yes
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Flavored fluid milks) if chocolate milk has liquid chocolate, what percent does it comprise of?
1.5%
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Flavored fluid milks) if chocolate milk contains cocoa and sugar , how much percent of both?
1% cocoa & 5% sugar
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Flavored fluid milks) calories in whole chocolate milk?
209 calories
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Flavored fluid milks) calories in reduced fat chocolate milk?
179
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Flavored fluid milks) calories in low fat in chocolate milk?
158 calories
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Flavored fluid milks) is eggnog pasteurized?
yes
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Flavored fluid milks) percent of milk fat in eggnog?
6-8% milk fat
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Flavored fluid milks) percent of MSNF in eggnog?
9%
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Flavored fluid milks) homogenized mixture in eggnog? (6)
-milk
-cream
-milk solids
-eggs
-stabilizers
-spice
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Fluid milk) does imitation milk contain diary?
Little to no diary
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Fluid milk) does imitation milk contain lactose?
No, it is lactose free
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Fluid milk) what's downside with imitation milk?
It has inferior nutrient content compared to cow fresh milk
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Fluid milk) what's significant about ingredients of imitation milk?
Lots or nutrients normally found in milk are replaced with outside nutrients like vegetable oils.
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Fluid milk) does filled milk contain cholesterol?
no
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Fluid milk) what is milk fat replaced by in filled milk?
Vegetable fat
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Fluid milk) how many mg/cup of sodium does low sodium milk have
6 mg/cup
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Fluid milk) Which type of milk has same nutrients as cow fresh milk?
low-lactose
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Fluid milk) what is low lactose milk?
It contains reduced lactose
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Fluid milk) plant based: does soy milk contain lactose?
no
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Fluid milk) plant based: when should soy milk be given to children?
When the soy milk is fortified
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Fluid milk) plant based: does rice milk contain lactose?
no
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Fluid milk) plant based: gluten and rice milk
Some rice milk may contain gluten due to rice milk derived from grains
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Fluid milk) plant based: what is rice milk typically derived off?
Rice milk
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Fluid milk) plant based: what is almond milk made up off?
Grounded almonds
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Fluid milk) plant based: what is hemp milk?
Mixed water with crusted seeds of the hemp plant
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Fluid milk) plant based: what is used to make grain milk?
Oats, barley, wheat, or rye mixed with water
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Fluid milk) plant based: is coconut milk a milk?
no
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Fluid milk) plant based: what is coconut milk used for?
Cream sub in some recipes
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Canned fluid milks) 4 types of canned fluid milks
-whole
-evaporated
-evaporate fat free
-sweetened condensed
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Canned fluid milks) percent of water evaporated foinf in milk to create evaporated milk?
60% of water in milk
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Canned fluid milks) is evaporated milk fortified with any vitamins?
Yes, D
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Canned fluid milks) how many calories does evaporate milk have per cup?
338
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Canned fluid milks) how many grams of fats does evaporated milk have per cup?
19 grams of fat
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Canned fluid milks) how is evaporated fat free milk produced from?
Fat-free milk
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Canned fluid milks) how many calories per cup does evaporated fat free contain?
199 calories
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Canned fluid milks) how many grams of fat does evaporated fat free milk have per cup?
.5 grams of fat
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Canned fluid milks) what do sweetened condensed milk contain?
High amount of sugars that make it ideal for desserts
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2 types of dry milk
-nonfat dried
-instant
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Dry milk) taste of nonfat dried
Inferior to fluid milk in taste
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Dry milk) shelf life of nonfat dried
Up to one year
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Dry milk) what is nonfat dried ideal for?
Making batter and douhgs
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Dry milk) why does nonfat dried have a higher shelf life?
Lack of fat
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Dry milk) how is instant made?
By steaming nonfat dried milk to steam and then dried
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Dry milk) what is agglomerate?
Particles gather into a mass or a ball
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Cultured milk products ) what is curd?
Coagulated or thickened milk
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Cultured milk products ) what are the 2 types of bacteria?
-lactic acid procuring bacteria
-propionic acid producing bacteria
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Cultured milk products ) if microbial culture is already present then...
Its is not listed as ingredient on label
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Cultured milk products ) if cultures are added during production process then,
The term cultured followed by name of substance must be listed as ingredient
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Cultured milk products ) what was buttermilk originally?
The liquid left over after cream has been chilled and churned to produce butter
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Cultured milk products ) percent of milk fat for buttermilk?
Contain less than .5% milk fat
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Cultured milk products ) msnf percent in buttermilk
8.25% msnf
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What is clabbering?
Thickening of milk
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