The "rebirth' of ideas for which the renaissance identified itself refers to the renewed emphasis on the ideas held in the middle ages, particularly the techniques of Thomas Aquinas.
False
The Historian Jacob Burkhardt argued that it was the Renaissance was the departure point for the modern world and that there was a strong break between the middle ages and modernity.
True
During the Renaissance Italy developed into a strong centralized state.
False
The economy of the Italian city-state was based on trade.
True
Venice never had a republican (representative) form of government.
False
A greater on the individual was a hallmark of Renaissance society.
True
Humanism placed tremendous importance on the study of classical Greek and Latin Literature.
True
Petrach and Pico della Mirandola were both humanists.
True
Humanism was frequently against the ideas of Christianity.
False
The pope exercised little authority anywhere in the Italian Peninsula.
False
Very few persons, if any, would have claimed that the late medieval church had become inefficient and corrupt.
False
Mysticism was understood as the more immediate and spiritual communication with God, a communication that bypassed the intercession of saints.
True
By 1500 the Conciliar movement had proved to be a tremendous success at reforming the papacy.
False
Jan Hus and John Wycliffe were both promoters of papal authority.
False
A Dominician by the name of Tetzel was selling indulgences so that people could get out of purgatory. The even instigated Luther's composition of the 95 Theses.
True
Luther, towards the end of his life, argued that actions such as fasting, pilgrimages and good works, were a clear and helpful means of attaining salvation.
False
According to excerpt from the movie Luther, Martin Luther never approved of indulgences and had always disagreed with the idea of veneration of the saints.
False
Wycliff and Huss were both advocates of religious reform.
True
The idea of the "wore of Babylon" was an expression for the corruption in the church, particularly the papacy.
True
Katarina von Bora was the wife of Emperor Charles V and a famous painter as well.
False
Europe in the High Middle Ages showed little vitality. The period immediately after 1000 was marked by decreased population, limited population growth and minimal cultural development.
False
Students behaved about as badly as they did in the Middle Ages as they do today.
True
The philosophy of the classical world, such as Aristotle, had little influence in the medieval schools.
False
Islamic civilization acted as a bridge that helped transfer the knowledge of the classical world to that of high middle ages.
True
According to medieval cosmology the earth revolved around the sun.
False
Medieval cosmology was hierarchical, with heaven at the top and hell at the bottom.
True
Aristotle held that the basic composition of everything on earth was made of earth, air, fire, and water but material in the cosmos above the earth was made of a completely different substance.
True
The Summa Theologicae was written by Thomas Aquinas
True
Scholasticism was the name given to the type of philosophy done in the middle ages.
True
Thomas Aquinas argued that human reason and natural knowledge could support the truths of revealed religion.
True
Because of the increased invasions of the Vikings after 12th century there was little expansion of trade throughout Europe.
False
During the 1100s the percentage of persons who were required to produce food increased in comparison to the 900s.
False
Because of the insistence on the three-field system, the food loss caused a decrease in population.
False
Because of the diminishment of food sources from 1000 to 1200 Western Europe did not see much growth of urban populations.
False
Due to the change in trade patterns, the 13th century saw a diminishment in the power of the Italian city-states.
False
The Magna Carta gave greater rights and control to the English monarch over his nobles.
False
According to English law, the king could collect taxes without calling parliament.
False
Hugh Capet was chosen to be king of France because of his strong military power and large land holdings.
False
One great contribution of the Middle Ages to the modern world was the representative institution such as assemblies or parliaments.
True
Trial by jury was one of the procedures in English law after 1100.
True
Absolutism identifies a type of government characterized by a strong centralized power.
True
Absolutist monarchs were always subservient to religion and religious leaders.
False
In the 16th and 17th centuries absolutist monarchs usually controlled religion and religious leaders
True
The unification of Spain occurred with the marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella
True
In 1492 Spain issued an edict of toleration for the Jews within its boundaries.
False
The Inquisition was created as a means to find persons who were secretly practicing other religions than Catholicism.
True
Columbus primary purpose of his expedition was to demonstrate that the world was round, not flat.
False
Under Henry IV the French monarchy regained greater stability and control from the previous decades.
True
The chief minister to Louis XIII, Cardinal Richelieu, became the architect of French absolutism
True
The term raison d’etat, means that decisions are made in light of what is best for the State and not necessarily individuals within the state.
True
In the first decade of the 14th century there was a general shortage of food.
True
Although the Black Death was severe in some areas, most of Europe escaped with minimal mortality.
False
The years 1300 to 1350, just before the plague, were marked by great economic growth and prosperity.
False
The 100 years war was fought between France and England.
True
In the Papal bull Unam Sanctam Boniface
VIII argued that spiritual power was higher than a temporal power, such as the rule of a king, and therefore all rulers were subject to the papacy
True
King Philip IV of France was the greater defender of papal authority and power.
False
The period from 1309 to 1377 and referred to as the Babylonian Captivity refers to the time when the papacy was headquartered in Avignon and not in Rome.
True
The Great Schism of the late 14th and early 15th century refers to the fact that at one time there were two popes and even three popes.
True
In the late middle ages, the papacy lost power, as kings, political theorists, and religious dissenters challenged papal claims to supreme leadership.
True
William of Ockham and Duns Scotus argued that reason alone cannot support the truths of faith.
Truth
After the 1050 Western Europe saw a general diminishment in the authority of the church and the papacy.
False
Excommunication refers to the ability of the church to remove someone from the community of the church.
True
The Roman Emperor was the greatest supporter of papal authority.
False
It was not until the renaissance that strong prejudice and violence occurred against Jewish people in Western Europe.
False
During the early middle ages, science had progressed in the Latin West beyond what it had achieved in Islamic areas or in Byzantium.
False
Albert the Great agreed with Plato in that true knowledge did not concern itself with the material world in such disciplines as botany, chemistry or geology.
False
The presence of Arabic texts had a great influence on the development of science in the high middle ages (after 1100).
True
Dante was the author of the Divine Comedy.
True
The High Middle Ages witnessed the writing down of stories which became national legends such as the Nibelungenlied and the Song of Roland.
True
Gothic architecture created means by which more windows and therefore more light could be introduced into the church.
True
By the end of the 17th century the Netherlands had failed to develop into a representational type of government.
False
The Calvinist minority in the Netherlands supported the policies of Phillip II of Spain.
False
The Union of Utrecht (1579) established independence among the seven northern provinces of the Netherlands to protect themselves from Spanish aggression.
True
The wealth of the Dutch Republic was gained by land and farming, not by trade and commerce.
False
In the medieval and early modern periods, the Holy Roman Emperors depended upon the powerful noble lords since the position of Emperor was elected not inherited.
True
The Thirty Years was fought entirely along religious lines, that is, one side was Catholic and the other entirely Protestant.
False
The Treaty of Westphalia established a settlement after the 30 Years war.
True
The Hapsburgs were the ruling family in Austria.
True
Muslims created the greatest threat to Austria’s eastern border.
True
The area of Prussia never developed into a strong absolutist government.
True
The Scientific Revolution brought a new, mechanical conception of nature that enabled westerners to discover and explain the laws of nature mathematically.
True
Medieval cosmology rested primarily on two writers: Aristotle and Ptolemy.
True
Ptolemy argued that the sun revolves around the earth.
True
The physics of Aristotle was in basic agreement with the physics of Newton.
False
Tycho Brahe used his observations to defend the theory of the crystalline spheres as the forces that moved the planets.
False
Keppler, like Copernicus, argued that the earth moves around the sun in a perfect circle.
False
According to Newton, the scientific laws of the universe demonstrate that God did not exist.
False
Renaissance thinkers placed a great importance on the philosophic insights of Plato.
True
Newton established the laws for universal gravity.
True
Newton argued that the laws of gravity on earth were not those which affected the planets.
False
Stressing the importance of the intellect and self-reliance, Greco-Roman thought did not provide for the emotional and spiritual needs of the general populace.
True
Nero and Diocletian were responsible for organizing persecutions against the Christians.
True
Because of the church councils, Christianity never incorporated Greek philosophy as a means of explaining the truths of the Christian faith.
False
Arius denied that Jesus was both human and divine
True
Basil established the rules for monastic life for the eastern part of the Roman Empire.
True
The synoptic gospels are those written by Mathew, Mark, and Luke.
True
The City of God was written by Benedict
False
St. Augustine argued that all the truths of faith could be known by reason alone.
False
In the classical world view, history had no ultimate end, no ultimate meaning. In this regard it differed substantially from the outlook of Christianity.
True
The date of December 25 as the exact birth date of Jesus comes from the gospels.
False
Accordin to the diary of Christopher Columbus, religion played an important part in his motives for exploration.
True
Christopher Columbus argued that you could reach the Indies by sailing west. He had absolutely no knowledge of the great land masses of North and South America.
True
Barolomé de las Casas worked for the betterment of the native peoples in South America and argued for their rights as persons.
True
The population of Western Europe increased dramatically between 1450 and 1600.
True
The largest percentage of African slaves were taken to South America
True
Primogeniture describes the tradition of giving the entire estate to the first born male of the family.
True
The price revolution of the 16th century refers to the unprecedented inflation.
True
Copyhold identified the method of farming which dated from the middle ages in which the tenants had certain hereditary rights.
True
Enclosure was the system of farming which caused the end of the open field system and the eradication of the system of medieval farming in favor of production of food for distant markets.
True
Convertible husbandry caused a decrease in the production of crops.
False
John of Damascus considered Icons to be idolatry and argued for their removal from the churches.
False
During the Early Middle Ages (500-1050), the Byzantine civilization was economically culturally far more advanced than the Latin West.
True
There was little conflict between the church leadership in Rome and the church leadership in Constantinople after the year 500.
False
The security of Constantinople was very important since it prohibited Muslims from moving into the Black Sea and up into Europe on the Danube river
True
Emperor Justinian was known as a greater codifier of law.
True
The Iconoclast controversy dealt with whether images of human persons were acceptable in Christian worship
False
The prophet Mohamed is considered the person who first articulated and codified the Islamic faith.
True
Muslims consider Jesus to be both human and divine.
False
Within three hundred years after the death of Mohammad there was never any disagreement concerning the interpretation of the Koran or the practice of Islam among its members.
False
At no time did Muslims ever control a portion of Western Europe.
False
In the early Middle Ages the greatest force in creating stability and learning in Europe was the Church.
True
Northern styles of art (Celtic and Germanic) exerted little to no influence on Christian art of the 8th and 9th centuries.
False
The monasteries did not play an important role in the transmission of knowledge.
False
St. Benedict provided a specific structure for how monastic life was to be lived.
True
Monastic life was the primary means by which classical learning and knowledge remained in Western Europe.
True
The Carolingian Renaissance refers to the revival of classical learning during the time of Charlemagne (Charles the Great).
True
The ninth and tenth centuries were a time of peace and stability in Western Europe, a time similar to the Pax Romana.
False
Charles Martel defeated the Muslims at the Battle of Tours.
True
On Christmas Day in Rome in the year 800 Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne Emperor of the Romans
True
Charlemagne’s empire and rule tended to favor Latin traditions and neglected or ignored Germanic peoples.
True
Geographic areas such as France, Germany and England rejected many of the ideas of the Renaissance because of these areas’ dislike of things Italian.
False
The Northern humanists, as compared to the Italian Humanists, demonstrated a greater interest in religion and theological issues.
False
Everywhere, two factors operated to accelerate the spread of the Renaissance after 1450: growing prosperity and the printing press.
True
Literacy rates were very high in Europe in the later 15th century.
False
The vernacular refers to the local language, French for example instead of Latin, the language of the schools.
True
Both Catholics and Protestants censured books in the Renaissance.
True
Erasmus made humanism an international movement.
True
Erasmus was a tremendous supporter of scholastic methodology
False
The Catholic Church in Spain maintained a strong control on learning and University life.
True
Thomas More’s Utopia dealt with the importance of trade and money management. In the Utopia he proposed the ideal methods for economic trade.
True
Zwingli and Luther agreed with each other concerning the nature of transubstantiation.
False
According to the Peace of Augsburg religious affiliation was determined by a person’s free choice.
False
Calvin’s fundamental work, The Institutes of
Religion, argued against the doctrine of double predestination and supplied the Catholic response against the theory of double predestination.
False
The author of the Institutes of Christian Religion was Ulrich Zwingli
False
The St. Bartholomew’s day massacre occurred in Germany when forces of Charles V killed the supporters of Martin Luther.
False
Huguenots were French Calvinists.
True
The magisterial reformation referred to those reform movements that were supported by the political authorities.
True
The largest group of Radical reformers was the Anabaptists.
True
Ignatius of Loyola was the founder of the Jesuits.
True
The Council of Trent was a means of promoting reform within the Catholic Church.
