PSY: Motivation and Emotion

the physiological component, such as hearbeat, thoughts related to it, and physical expressions accompanying the feeling

anything that gets you to complete your goal

• instinct theory
• evolutionary theory
• drive reduction theory
• arousal theory
• incentive theory
• cognitive theories
• biopsychosocial

instincts are unlearned responses that guide your actions

aka: approach to mate selection

a spin-off of instinct theory; every behavior is to find a mate and reporduce

Women will be more cautious when finding a mate and settling down; they want ambitious, powerful, resourceful, and athletic men; they like a period of dating

men are not interested in dating becuase they have no limitation to the children amount; they want youthful, attractive, and healthy young women; pass on genes

goal of life is homeostais; when you feel unbalanced, you have a need, which incites a drive that makes you reduce the need, leading to balance

Ex: thirsty...need water..drink water...satisfied..balanced

Needs: food, water, sex, sleep, bathroom, etc

we all like to be at our optimal level of arousal; and, all day long, we try to get on that level to maintain arousal

gain rewards and avoid punishments/ behavior is goal-directed; there are two systems--the wanting system and the liking system

• Wanting: you are attracted
• Liking: Evaluation of how pleasurable it is

• all motivated behaviors are based in:
• 1) your expectations
• 2) your past experiences (cognitive appraisal= how you interpret something)
• 3) your perceptions
• 4) your attributions; everyone is motivated by their own personal story

you are motivated to fulfill each level in the pyramid; you need to fulfill one level to move up the pyramid

• instinct
• evolutionary
• drive reduction
• arousal

• incentive
• cognitive
• biopsychosocial

Physiological needs

Safety needs

Belonging and love needs

Esteem needs

Self-actualization needs

belonging and love section

esteem

Because food stimulates different taste buds; and, the more variety, the more stimulation, and the more you eat

flavor and variety are important in initiating eating

child abuse

severely overweight, increased risk of diabetes, heart attack, high BP, strokes, death, cancer, arthritis, etc

psychological: we are bored, busy, too poor to eat healthy, no movement; we live in an environment where people push you eat

Physiological: people have higher water content and bigger bones

severe weight loss in people who know that they should/ want to eat, but do not for fear of getting fact

there is a detachment with what's actually seen

brittle bones, not enough food--> passing out, hair sprouts all over to keep warm, messed up menstrual cycle

four to thirty percent die from starvation, biochemical imbalances, and suicide

overly eating and throwing up

acid build up deteriorates the back of your teeth; large potential to have heart attacks due to pressure of throwing up; impulse connection due to fact that they have no self-control

changes between positive and negative

feeling that you possess

learned/ reflexive/ physical component

self-interpretation

• physiological 
• cognitive
• behavior

• James-Lange
• Cannon-Bard
• Facial-feedback
• Schacter-Singer (2 Factor)

environmental stimuli---(leads to)----> 

physiological change/ behavior or act----->

emotion

it undergoes compartmentalization

environmental stimuli--> brain/ thalamus-->

• physiological change, behavior, and emotion 
• simultaneous

environmental stimuli---->

facial expression----->

physiological change and action--->

emotion

environmental stimuli----> appraisal interpretation----->

emotion, action, physiological change

in: do it because you enjoy it; personal satisfaction derived from it

ex: something you're rewarding outside of yourself