THE THORACIC CAVITY [part I]

Bounded by the chest wall and below by the diaphragm, it extends upward into the root of the neckabout one fingerbreadth above the clavicle on each side

the only structure (apart from the pleura and the peritoneum)that separates the chest from the abdominal viscera

a median partition

a movable partition that extends superiorly to the thoracic outlet and the root of the neck and inferiorly to the diaphragm

The mediastinum is divided into

The inferior mediastinum is further subdivided into the ________,which consists of the pericardium and heart; the ________, which is a space between the pericardium and the sternum; and the ________, which lies between the pericardium and the vertebral column

Consist the superior mediastinum

composes the inferior mediastinum

bounded in front by the manubrium sterni and behind by the first four thoracic vertebrae

bounded in front by the body of the sternum and behind by the lower eight thoracic vertebrae

2 parts of a pleura

lines the thoracic wall, covers the thoracic surface of the diaphragm and the lateral aspect of the mediastinum

covers the outer surfaces of the lungs and extends into the depths of the interlobar fissures

a loose fold that allow for movement of the pulmonary vessels and large bronchi during respiration

a slit like space that separate he parietal and visceral layers of pleura are from one another

covers the surfaces of the pleura as a thin film and permits the two layers to move on each other with the minimum of friction

extends up into the neck, lining the under surface of the suprapleural membrane (see Fig. 2.13). It reaches a level 1 to 1.5 in. (2.5 to 4 cm) above the medial third of the clavicle.

lines the inner surfaces of the ribs, thecostal cartilages, the intercostal spaces, the sides of the vertebralbodies, and the back of the sternum

covers the thoracic surface ofthe diaphragm

This lower area of the pleural cavity into which the lung expands on inspiration is referred to as the ________

covers and forms the lateral boundary of the mediastinum

where the mediastinal pleura is attached to the blood vessels and bronchi that constitute the lung root

are slitlike spaces between the costal and diaphragmatic parietal pleurae that are separated only by a capillary layer of pleural fluid

are situated along the  anterior
margins of the pleura

They are slitlike spaces between the costal and mediastinal parietal pleurae, which are separated by a capillary layer of pleural fluid

The costal pleura is segmentally supplied by what nerve

The mediastinal pleura is supplied by the

The diaphragmatic pleura is supplied over the domes by the _____ and around the periphery by the _____

It is insensitive to common sensations such as pain and touch and it receives an autonomic nerve supply from the pulmonary plexus

It is a mobile cartilaginous and membranous tube and It begins in the neck as a continuation of the larynx at the lower border of the cricoid cartilage at the level of the 6th cervical vertebra

In the thorax, the trachea ends below at the _____ by dividing into right and left principal bronchi at the level of the sternal angle

In adults, the trachea is about _____long and _____ in diameter

Is kept patent by the presence of U-shaped bars (rings) of hyaline cartilage embedded in its wall

The posterior free ends of the cartilage are connected by smooth muscle

The relations of the trachea in the superior mediastinum of the thorax anteriorly:

The relations of the trachea in the superior mediastinum of the thorax posteriorly:

The relations of the trachea in the superior mediastinum of the thorax right side;

The relations of the trachea in the superior mediastinum of the
thorax left side:

The upper two thirds of the trachea are supplied by the

the lower third of the trachea is supplied by the

The sensory nerve supply is from the

Sympathetic nerves supply the

The trachea bifurcates behind the arch of the aorta into the

Each respiratory bronchiole divides into ______ alveolar ducts that enter the alveolar sacs

The right principal (main) bronchus is

The left principal (main) bronchus is

During life, the right and left lungs are:

If the thoracic cavity were opened, the lungs would immediately shrink to

Each lung has a ________, which projects upward into the neck for about 1 in. (2.5 cm) above the clavicle

Concave base of the lungs sits on the

Part of the lungs which corresponds to the concave chest wall

Part of the lungs which is molded to the pericardium and other mediastinal
structures

depression in which the bronchi, vessels, and nerves that form the root enter and leave the lung

The _______ runs from the inferior border upward and backward across the medial and costal surfaces until it cuts the posterior
border about 2.5 in. (6.25 cm)below the apex

Runs horizontally across the costal surface at the level of the 4th costal cartilage to meet the oblique fissure in the mid axillary line

the anatomic, functional,and surgical units of the lungs

structurally and functionally independent unit of a lung lobe

smallest bronchi, <1 mm in diameter

possess no cartilage in their walls and are lined with columnar ciliated epithelium. The submucosa possesses a complete layer of circularly arranged smooth muscle fibers

bronchioles then divide and give rise to

Gaseous exchange between blood and air takes place in the walls of these outpouchings

main characteristics of a bronchopulmonary segment

formed of structures that are entering or leaving the lung (made up of the bronchi,pulmonary artery and veins, lymph vessels, bronchial vessels, and nerves)

The bronchi, the connective tissue of the lung, and the visceral pleura receive their blood supply from the bronchial arteries, which are branches of the ________

The bronchial veins (which communicate with the pulmonary veins) drain into the ________

lies beneath the visceral pleura and drains over the surface of the lung toward the hilum, where the lymph vessels enter the bronchopulmonary nodes

All the lymph from the lung leaves the hilum and drains into the ______ and then into the ______

Nerve Supply of the Lungs