Chapter 32:Animals

An animal that lacks an internal body cavity (coelom)

In animals, one of the three basic types of tissue formed during gastrulation; gives rise to all other tissues

A type of metamorphosis in which the animal increases in size from one stage to the next, but does not dramatically change its body form. Also called incomplete metamorphosis.

A type of metamorphosis in which the animal completely changes its form. Also called complete metamorphosis.

• A major lineage of protostomes (Liphotrochozoa) that grow by extending the size of their skeletons rather than by molting. Many phyla have a specialized feeding structure (lophophore) and/or cilitated larvae (trochophore).
• 1.Rotifers
• 2.Flatworms
• 3.Segmented worms
• 4.Molluscs

• A major lineage of protostomes (Ecdysozoam) that grow by shedding their external skeletons (molting) and expanding their bodies.
• 1.arthropods
• 2.insects
• 3.crustaceans
• 4.nematodes
• 5.centipedes

The free-floating stage in the life cycle of some cnidarians

The middle of the three basic cell layers in most animal embryos; gives rise to muscles, bones, blood, and some internal organs (kidney, spleen,etc.).

The outermost of the three basic cell layers in most animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and nervous system

Lophtrochozoan: Mollusca. Trioblastic/Bilaterally symmetric Protosomes

Producing eggs that are laid outside the body where they develop and hatch.

Producing eggs that are retained inside the body until they are ready to hatch.

producing live young (instead of eggs) that develop within the body of the mother before birth(Live Bearing)

• 1.muticellular
• 2.Move voluntarily
• 3.Heterotroph
• 4. Respond rapidly to stimuli

Only during reproductive phase

animals whose embryo have two types of tissue

diploblasts

• 1.Cnidaria(jellyfish,corals)
• 2.Ctenophora(comb jellies)

• 1.sponges
• -benthic
• -filter feeder
• -asymmetrical
• -specialized cells lack neurons
• sessile,
• multicelluar

Yes, cnidarians and ctenophoresmhave have nerve net because they are radially symmetric..need nerves around entire body

at least two planes of symmetry..if were to cut diagonal, would be identical

-coelem:enclosed, fluid-filled cavity, creates a container for the circulation of oxygen and nurtients

No

-because an enclosed, fluid-filed chamber, can act as an efficient hydrostatic skeleton

the evolution of the coelom gave bilaterally symmetric organism the ability to move effeiciently in search of food

"first-Mouth", in which the mouth develops before the anus

"second mouth". in which the anus develops before the mouth

vast majority of animal species are protosomeshumans are deuterostomes

-the inner tube is the gut, the outer tube forms the body wall

animals that have long, thin, tubelike bodies that lacks limbs

• coanoflagellates(protists)
• they are not multicellular because they are not animals

Sponge feeding cells

Radial symmetry

• protostomes that lack coelom
• 1.Flatworms
• 2.tapeworms.

the evolution of innovative methods for sensing the environment

asymmetrical but some are radial

small groups of adult cells have the capacity to develop into a complete adult organism

mesoderm made it possible for an enclosed, muscle-lined cavity to develop, creating a coelom

bilateral

efficient movement and triggered the development of cephalization

• 1.Jellyfish, corals, anemones
• -cnidocyte:stinging cell
• -radially symmmetry
• -first animal with tissues
• -alternation of generation

• Comb Jellies
• -not radially symmetric

• Lophotrochozaons:Rotifera
• -Lives in pond water/soil

• Lophotrochozoans:Platyhelminthes
• -free living flat worms

• Lophotrochozoans:Platyhelminthes
• -endoparasitic tapeworms
• -no gut,stomach,mouth or digestive tract

• Lophotrochozoans:Platyhelminthes
• -endo-or ectoprarsitic flukes
• -can have multiple host species

• 1.Segmented worms
• -very diverse
• -most are free living

• 1.polychaeta-"feet"
• 2.Clitellata-"no feet"

earthworms

• 1.chitons
• 2.bivalves
• 3. gastropods
• 4.cephlapods

• Polyplacophora
• 1.use radula to scrape radula off algae
• 2.Brightly colored shells
• 3.Most primitive in phyla
• 4.Open circulatory system

• both aquatic and terrestrial
• -snails/slugs
• General body plan:
• 1.Foot to glide along
• 2.visceral mass

• sea hare
• -have the biggest nerve cell

• 1.squid
• 2.cuttlefish
• 3.octopus
• 4.nautilus
• -have closed circulatory system(Only Mollusks)

• Roundworms
• -unsegemented
• -pseudocoelom
• -cuticle-live in extremely diverse habitats

• 1.bivalves (clams, oysters)
• 2.gastropods (snails, slugs),
• 3.chitons,
• 4.cephalopods (squid, octopuses).

• Distinguished by a body plan with three
• main parts:
• 1.a muscular foot
• 2.a visceral mass
• 3.a mantle

• 1.Lophotrochozoan
• 2.Ecdysozoan

• 1.Most primitive cephalopods
• 2.eye is basically a hole
• 3.Has siphon:takes water in and uses it to move
• 4.Have chromatophores: have changing pigmentation