Net-centric ch 2

concerns the format of the data blocks

Includes control information for coordination and error handling

Includes speed matching and sequencing

is concerned with the exchange of data between a computer and the network to which
it is attached.

collect mechanisms in a common layer shared by all applications.

contains the logic needed to support the various user applications.

connoting the fact that each application is individually accessing he services of the
transport layer. (Different application addresses within a single computer)

this indicates the application that sent the data.

When the destination transport layer receives the segment, it must know to which
application the data are to be delivered.

The combination of data from the next higher layer and control information.

The addition of control information to data.

The transport protocol is sending a sequence of segments, it numbers them sequentially so that if they arrive out of order the destination
transport entity may reorder them.

a code that is a function of the contents of the segment that checks against the
receiving transport calculation and compares the result for discrepancy.

is concerned with specifying the characteristics of the transmission medium the nature of the signals, the data rate, and related
matters. (twisted pair, optical fiber, satellite, terrestrial microwave)

Application layer

a code that is a function of the contents of the segment that checks against the receiving transport calculation and compares
the result for discrepancy.

Can adjust to wide changes in delay and/or throughput. Traditional type of traffic
for which internets were designed

Is used to send files from one system to another under user command. Both text and
binary files are accommodated, and the protocol provides features for
controlling user’s access.

The sending TCP includes a code that is a function of the contents of the segment.
The receiving TCP preforms the same calculations and compares the result with
the incoming code. A discrepancy results if there has been some error in
transmission.

after a block is broken in smaller pieces a leader is appended to it containing
protocol control information.

Does not easily adapt to variations changes in delay and/or throughput. e.g. real
time traffic

evolved from the ARPANET, which was developed in 1969 by the advance research projects
agency (ARPA) of the U.S. Department of defense

is the principal communications protocol used for relaying datagrams (packets)
across an internetwork using the Internet Protocol Suite. Responsible for
routing packets across network boundaries, it is the primary protocol that
establishes the Internet.

IP appends a header of control information to each segment

Human-Computer integration involving text,
graphics, voice and video. Multimedia also refers to storage devices that are
used to store multimedia content.

is concerned with the exchange of data between a computer and the network to which
it is attached.

is a standardized architecture that is often used to describes communications
functions but that is now rarely implemented

the network access protocol (NAP) appends a
network access header to the data it receives from the transport layer, creating
a network access PDU.

How communication is achieved by having the corresponding layers in two systems
communicate.

is concerned with specifying the characteristics of the transmission medium the
nature of the signals, the data rate, and related matters. (Twisted pair,
optical fiber, satellite, terrestrial microwave). Covers the physical interface
between a data transmission device and a transmission medium or network.

connoting the fact that each application is
individually accessing he services of the transport layer. (Different
application addresses within a single computer)

communicate by means of formatted blocks of data
that obey a set of rules or conventions with key features such as syntax,
semantics, and trimming.

Protocol data Unit (PDU)

The internet and its underlying local area and wide area networks must include a capability to provide differing levels of
service to different types of application traffic. Deals with priority, delay
constraints, delay variability constraints, and other similar requirements.

connoting
the fact that each application is individually accessing he services of the
transport layer. (Different application addresses within a single computer)

provides
a basic electronic mail transport facility. It provides a mechanism for
transferring messages among separate hosts.

provides a secure remote logon capability, which enables a user at a terminal
or personal computer to logon to a remote computer and function as if directly
connected to that computer.

TCP breaks blocks into smaller pieces to make it
more manageable. To each of these pieces, TCP appends control information known
as the TCP header

is the most commonly used protocol to provide transport layer. It provides a
reliable connection for the transfer of data between applications.

collect mechanisms in a common layer shared by
all applications. That may provide reliable end – to – end service or merely an
end- to – end delivery service without reliability mechanisms.

does not guarantee delivery, preservation of sequence or protection against
duplication. It enables a procedure to send messages to other procedures with a
minimum of protocol mechanism.