-
Phlebitis
Inflammation of a vein
-
Infiltration
Inadvertent administration of a solution into the surrounding tissues
-
Extravasation
Inadvertent administration of vesicant into the surrounding tissues
-
Vesicant
IV medication that causes blisters and tissue injury when it escapes into surrounding tissues. Vesicatory refers to causing blisters
-
Sepsis
Systemic inflammatory response to infection
-
Isotonic
Solution that has the same osmotic pressure as the referent solution (eg, plasma)
-
Hypertonic
Solution with a higher concentration than that of blood
-
Hypotonic
Solution with a concentration lesser than that of blood
-
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
IV administration of nutrients to patients through a central venous catheter
-
Peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN)
Nutrition delivered into a peripheral vein
-
Biofeedback
Mechanism of providing feedback of physiological process to help patients learn how to manipulate those responses through mental activity
-
Guided Imagery
Program of directed thoughts and suggestions that guide the imagination toward a relaxed, focused state
-
Meditation
Mind-body technique by which an individual can consciously quiet the mind by focusing one�s attention in order to control some functions of the SNS
-
Herbalism
Plants and plant extracts used to treat disease and promote wellness
-
Homeopathy
Treatment of disease with minute drug doses to activate an illness that then stimulates the body�s normal defense system to eliminate illness
-
Dermatome
Body region supplied by a pair of dorsal root ganglia
-
Modulation
Alteration in the level of pain intensity (by either increasing or inhibiting it), including the processing of incoming impulses from the sensory nerve to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord; also occurs via descending messages originating in the midbrain and sent to the dorsal horn
-
Transduction
Initiation of the pain stimulus
-
Nociceptor
A free nerve ending that is a receptor for painful (noxious) stimuli. Found in almost all types of tissue
-
Hyperalgesia (allodynia)
State of neural supersensitivity where a slight painful stimulus can be interpreted as very painful
-
Proprioception
Awareness and coordination of movement and position of the body, head, and limbs
-
Kinesthesia
The ability to perceive the movement of one�s body
-
Somesthesia
Awareness of body; derived from Greek words meaning body and sensation
-
Homeostasis
Physiological and psychological equilibrium or balance
-
Fast vs slow pain
- Fast � pain that originates in the free endings of the large myelinated nerve fibers of the skin; responds to strong pressure and high temperature, thus eliciting the withdrawal reflex
- Slow � pain that originates in the endings of the smaller unmyelinated nerves that has a throbbing or aching quality
-
Pain threshold
the lowest intensity of painful stimulus perceived by the individual as pain
-
Somatic pain
Pain that originates from the bone, joints, muscles, skin, or connective tissue. Sharp or knife like in character, usually precisely located to affected areas
-
Visceral pain
Pain that originates from any of the large interior organs that occupy a body cavity (cranial, thoracic, abdominal, or pelvic)
-
Referred pain
The transfer of visceral pain sensations and deep somatic pain via the autonomic nervous system to a body surface at a a distance from the actual origin
-
Pain tolerance
The degree of pain that an individual is willing to endure
-
Neuropathic pain
Arises as a consequence of a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system
-
Idiopathic pain
Spontaneous or unpredictable breakthrough pain
-
Intractable pain
Pain that is refractory or resistant to some or all forms of treatment
-
Trough drug level
Minimum blood serum level of a drug reached immediately before the next scheduled dose
-
Bioavailability
Percentage of the drug that is available to achieve its intended effect in the body
-
Pharmacokinetics
Phase that describes how drugs are acted on in the body from ingestion to elimination, includes the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism (biotransformation), and excretion
-
Biotransformation
Process in which drugs are detoxified or broken down to a form that can be eliminated
-
Therapeutic range
Serum drug level that lies between the minimum effective concentration and the toxic concentration. Level to be maintained to achieve desired affects and avoid symptoms of toxicity
-
Half-life
Time required for the body, tissue, or organ to metabolize or make inactive half the amount of a substance taken in
-
Peak drug level
Time it takes for the drug to reach its highest concentration in the blood
|
|