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Calculi
Substance of abnormal concretion composed of mineral salts commonly produced within the renal system
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Dysuria
Painful urination
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Erythropoietin (EPO)
Hormone produced by the kidney in response to low oxygen states or low hematocrit, which stimulates RBC production in the bone marrow
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Hematuria
Blood in the urine
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Homeostasis
Physiological and psychological equilibrium or balance
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Hydronephrosis
Dilation of the renal pelvis because of an obstruction of urine flow or from ureteral reflux
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Interstitial space
Area surrounding the nephron loops and the peritubular capillaries, which has a high osmotic pressure due to extremely high levels of sodium. Renal interstitial space facilitates the massive volume water reabsorption required to maintain fluid balance
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Native kidney
One's own kidney as opposed to a transplant graft
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Nephritis
Infection contained to the kidney
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Nephrotoxic
Having the ability to harm the kidney
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Peristalsis
Successive waves of involuntary contraction passing along the walls of hollow muscular structure and forcing its contents onward (esophagus, intestines)
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Polycystic renal disease
Genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous cysts in the kidneys
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Pyelonephritis
Infection of the ureters and kidney
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Radioisotope
Compound that contains radioactive materials that are used in nuclear scans; the activity of these tagged materials allows the study of substances as they course through the body
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Renal
Pertaining to the kidney
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Renal parenchyma
Cortex and medulla of the kidney that contain the functioning units and collecting ducts of the kidney
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Retroperitoneal space
Space between the peritoneum and posterior abdominal wall that contains the kidneys and associated structures, the pancreas, part of the aorta, and inferior vena cava
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Uremia
Accumulation of end products of protein metabolism in the bloodstream due to renal failure
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Vesicoureteral reflux
Backward propulsion of urine through the valve that normally closes the bladder and ureteral junction to backward flow of urine
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Anasarca
Generalized edema associated with malnutrition, terminal illness, and metabolic fluid overload problems
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Cystectomy
Removal of the bladder
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Hypercholesterolemia
High serum cholesterol
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Hypoalbuminemia
Decrease in the albumin in the blood
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Malaise
Body discomfort and fatigue
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Nephrectomy
Surgical removal of the kidney
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Nephrolithiasis
Kidney stone disease
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Nocturia
Urination at night
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Nosocomial
- Infection acquired in a health care facility
- Oliguria
- Low urine output
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Proteinuria
Increase in protein in the urine
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Ureteral strictures
A narrowing of the lumen of the ureter
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Urethral strictures
A narrowing of the lumen of the urethra
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Urinary tract infection (UTI)
An infection involving the kidneys, ureters, bladder, or urethra
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Urolithiasis (calculi)
Refers to stones in the urinary tract
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Allogeneic
A remedy that replaces a patient�s blood or bone marrow with blood or bone marrow from a donor
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Amyloid
Extracellular protein like substance
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Anuria
Less than 50 mL per 24 hours of urine
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Azotemia
A buildup of nitrogenous waste products
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Casts
Accumulation of materials in a space that fills the contours of the space
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Disequilibrium
An imbalance in solute concentration across the blood brain barrier
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Fasciotomy
Incision through a fibrous layer that separates muscles
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Hypervolemia
Excess intravascular fluid
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Hypovolemia
Insufficient intravascular fluid
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Intrarenal
Occurring within the kidney
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Myoclonus
Twitching or clonic spasms of a muscle or group of muscles
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Nephropathy
Disease of the kidneys
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Normovolemia
State of normal blood volume
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Parenchyma
Functional elements of an organ
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Perinephric
Surrounding the kidney
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Phenotypes
Physical, biochemical, and physiological nature of an individual as determined by the genotype and environment. Outward expression of the individual�s genes
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Postrenal
Occurring after the kidney
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Prerenal
Occurring prior to the kidney
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Xenogeneic
Genetic relationship between individuals of differing species
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