9.7.2011 HGA Lecture

• 1) retromammary space
• 2) suspensory ligaments
• 3) glandular tissues
• 4) adipose tissue
• 5) lactiferous ducts/ sinus
• 6) nipple areola

When women is Lactating

= glandular tissue is barely there

When Men = Prepubescent Girls

in superficial fascia

above the pectoralis major muscle

dense fibrous tissue

1) estrogen (genetics)

2) fat deposition (nutrition/ diet)

between the two pleura sacs (between the two lungs)

the median region of the thorax

the manubrium

T1 - T4

Plane thru the Sternal Angle of Louis & T4/T5 vertebrae

Thoracic Inlet

Lungs

Body of the sternum

T5-T12

The Diaphragm

Plane thru Sternal Angle of Louis and T4/T5 Vertebrae

The lungs

body of the sternum

Anterior wall of the pericardium

Anterior wall of the pericardium

posterior wall of the pericardium

posterior wall of the pericardium

T5-T12

1) posterior mediastinum

2) middle mediastinum

3) anterior mediastinum

• 1) thymus
• 2) large vein and arteries
• 3) arch of the aorta
• 4) trachea
• 5) esophagus
• 6) thoracic duct
• 7) sympathetic trunk
• 8) phrenic nerves
• 9) vagus nerves

space between the heart and the sternum

• 1) heart
• 2) pericardium
• 3) phrenic nerves
• 4) vagus nerves
• 5) pulmonary trunk
• 6) superior vena cava
• 7) ascending aorta

• 1) esophagus
• 2) azygous vein
• 3) thoracic duct
• 4) descending aorta
• 5) symphatic trunk
• 6) phrenic nerves
• 7) vagus nerves
• 8) inferior vena cava

1) lacteals (lymph vessels from intestines, carry chyle: digested fat: to the blood stream

2) provide protection by destroying/ eliminating bacterial cells, virus cells, foreign antigens, dead/ dying cells

3) collect interstitial fluid and return it to the bloodstream

1) monocytes

2) macrophages

3) lymphocytes

f: clean up the tissues

1) B - Cells

2) T - Cells

f: produce antibodies → become plasma cells

d: protein made by you because of a foreign substance

f: "killer cells"

attack specific cells

turn into killer T - cells, and T Memory Cells

d: interstitial fluid collected into lymph vessels

1) lymphatic capillaries

2) Afferent vessel

3) lymph nodes

4) Efferent vessel

5) Trunks

6) Ducts

7) empties into veins

2

1) Right Lymphatic Duct

2) Left Lymphatic Duct (THORACIC DUCT)

1) 1/4 of your body drains here

2) dumps into the subclavian vein

3) drains the right side of the head and neck, right upper limb, and right half of the thorax

1) begins at the citerna chyli (inferior end of the duct) in intestines

2) ascends from abdomen to throrax via the aortic hiatus

3) ascends on the right side of thorax between thoracic aorta and azygous vein

4) crosses left posterior to esophagus (T4-T6)

5) empties near the union of left subclavian vein and the internal jugular veins

6) drains the left side of the head and neck, left upper limb, left thorax, entire lower limb (below the diaphragm)

superior mediastinum

Permant T Memory Cells

site of differentiation of T-Lymphocytes (T Cells)

children and adolescents, turns to fascia (connective tissue) in adults

f: filter fluid from the afferent lymphatic vessels

1) connective tissue

2) lymphocytes

B - Cells

1) brain

2) spinal cord

1) cranial nerves

2) spinal nerves

12 pairs of cranial nerves

The head and the Neck

31 pairs of spinal nerves

1) astrocytes

2) oligodendrocytes

1) Schwann Cell

1) inguinal nodes

2) axillary nodes

3) cervical nodes

1) Tracheobronchial nodes

2) aortic nodes

3) iliac nodes

near airways, drain thoracic viscera

behind the heart, along the aorta

drain pelvic organs and lower limb

trabeculae