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*w/glucosamine to treat osteoarthritis
Chondroitin
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*Treats <3 *prevents muscle soreness *may reduce warfarin effects
Coenzyme Q10
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*works against meds that depress the immune system *treats colds
Echinacea
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*treats high cholesterol & triglycerides *helps with coronary artery disease
Fish/Oil
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*treats hypertension & high cholesterol *may decrease effectiveness of isoniazid (tb drug) *may decrease effectiveness of contraceptives
Garlic
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*resist stress *stop the aging *protects from tissue injury *increases energy *increase or decrease warfarin effects
Ginseng
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*antidepressant *Clopidogrel gets converted to its more active form, can cause bleeding
St. John's Wort
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Two general categories of poisoning cases
Intentional Accidental
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3 types of intentional poisoning
Suicide/attempted suicide Child abuse Homicide/attemped homicide
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3 types of Accidental Poisoning
Drug intoxication Naivete Errors
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4 ways poison can enter into the body
Inhalation Injection Topical Application Ingestion
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Oral Contraceptives Inhalation aerosols Questran and colestipol sublingual prednisone
Exceptions to Poison Prevention Packaging Act of 1970
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3 minimizing agents
Ipecac Activated Charcoal Cathartics
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*used to help hepatotoxicity *Mucomyst is an example
Acetylcysteine
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*serum to treat venomous bites or stings *Crotalidae
Antivenom
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*anitcholinesterase inhibitor, cholinergic, and organophosphate poisonings *insecticide or nerve gas poisonings *Atropine Sulfate Injection
Atropine
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*The name "BAL" for British anti-lewisite
Dimercaprol
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*treats benzodiazeine *romazicon
Flumazenil
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*antiseptic and oxidation or reduction properties *treats methemoglbinemia *used for surgical marking and fistula location
Methylene Blue
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Caused by abnormal cell growth that may be stimulated by various factors.
Cancer
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Causes of Cancer
Radiation Sunlight Viruses Substances Smoking
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Cancers that originate in the bone marrow, lymphatic system, and other cells dealing with blood and immune
HEmatologic Cancers
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Cencers that originate in solid tissues other than the bone marrow, lymphatic system and cells dealing with the blood and immune process
Non-hematologic cancers
-
A new abnormal tissue growth that grows more rapidly than normal tissue
Neoplasm
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A type of neoplasm that may be benign or malignant
A Tumor
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Slow growing and unlikely to spread
Benign
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Fast growing and likely to spread
Malignant
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Process by which normal cells are turned into cancer cells
Carcinogenesis
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Any substance directly involved in the promotion of cancer
Carcinogen
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Suppressor genes protect the cell from abnormal growth and cancer
Tumor suppressor genes
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Genes, that once mutated, can promote the formation of cancer
Oncogenes
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Certain chemicals and viruses that can permanently change DNA, increase the risk for developing cancer
Environmental carcinogens
-
Examples of physical carcinogens
Ionizing radiation and ultraviolet light
-
5 types of Carcinogens
Environmental Chemical Radiation Biologic *other
-
Agent include viruses
Biologic
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The other risk factors for developing cancer
gender, diet, and chronic irritation and inflammation, age
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Tumor cells that originate from epithelial tissues Surface of your body and organs like epithelial tissues are large/small intestines, ovaries, epididymis, and larynx
Carcinoma
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Tumor cells that originate from connective tissues, such as bone and muscle
Sarcoma
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Tumor cell tissues that include tonsils, lymph nodes, and spleen
Lymphoma
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Tumor cells associated with diseases like lung and prostate cancers
Adenocarcinoma
-
-
A cancer that arises from a part of the immune system called the plasma cell
Multiple Myeloma
-
Anenocarcinoma and forms in the tissues of the prostrate
Prostate Cancer
-
Breast cancer is usually..........
A carcinoma
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A therapy that cannot differentiate between healthy and cancerous cells
Chemotherapy
-
A therapy that acts by killing cells both normal and cancerous.
Cytotoxic Therapy
-
A therapy that slows or suppresses the growth of cancer cells
Cytostatic Therapy
-
A therapy that uses hormones to prevent cancer cell growth by "starving" them
Hormonal Therapy
-
A therapy that destroys cancer cells by the use of waves of subatomic particles such as gamma rays or X-rays
Radiation
-
Common side effects of cancer medication regimens:
- Nausea
- Hair Loss
- Myelosuppression
-
Factors of Chemotherapy
- 1. Death of healthy cells
- 2. Activation of a part of the brain called the chemo trigger zone
- 3. Sensory affects
-
The term that describes how likely a drug is to cause emesis
Emetogenicity
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Damage to the heart tissue
Cardiotoxicity
-
Nerve pain, tingling or burning in the hands and feet
Peripheral Neuropathy
-
-
Inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the mouth and throat
Mucositis
-
Damage to the liver
Hepatotoxicity
-
Damage to the kidneys
Nephrotoxicity
-
Closely related to substances required by the cell, block its metabolism and growth
Antimetabolites
-
Acts as a folic acid antagonist
Methotrexate (Rheumatrex)
-
-
What is Methotrexate (Rheumatrex) used for?
- Autoimmune diseases
- Antineoplastic
-
The antidote for Methotrexate - Rheumatrex
Calcium Leucovorin - oral, IV, IM
-
Which antineoplastic drug is the only one to have an antidote?
Methotrexate - Rheumatrex
-
An example of "rational" drug design used for colon and breast cancer
Fluorouracil - Efudex
-
Which drug causes nausea/vomiting and bone marrow depression?
Chlorambucil - Leukeran
-
-
LHRH angonists
GnRH agonists
-
GnRH agonist work by stimulating the release of.........initially then the feedback shuts off further testosterone production to................This causes ............ ..............of the bodies testosterone in treatment of cancer.
- LH/FSH
- Castration levels
- Complete depletion
-
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