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ramy
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Diphenhydramine (benadryl)
- 1st generation
- H1 Antagonist
- Ethanolamine
- Oral
- Therapeutic effect within 10-30 mins
- Metabolized by liver
- Duration 4-6 hours
- SE: goes into CNS and causes sedation, anticholinergic effects (dry nose/mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention), loss of appertite, nausea, diarrhea
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Loratadine (Claratine)
- 2nd generation
- H1 Antagonist
- More specific for H1 receptorless
- lipophilic (can't cross BBB) Less sedative
- Duration 12-24 hours
- May also inhibit mast cell degranulation
- 24 hr duration
- 7% sedation incidence
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Chlorpheniramine (Chlor-trimenton)
- alternative for diphenhydramine less potent though
- alkylamine
- H1 Antagonist
- Useful for allergic rhinitis, pruritus (not wide range of uses)
- lower sedation effect
- low to moderate CNS stimulation in younger patients
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Hydroxyzine
- 1st gen
- H1 Antagonist
- SKIN ALLERGIES
- 12 hour duration (b/c active metabolite cetirizine is also H1 blocker)
- HIGH CNS depression (this enhances the anti-pruritic effect)
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Cyclizine
- 1st gen
- H1 Antagonist
- Used for motion sickness (emesis)
- not as effective as diphenhydramine
- lower SE (low CNS depression & anti-cholinergic effects)
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Promethazine
- 1st gen
- H1 Antagonist
- A lot similar to diphenihydramine
- BIG USE: Local anesthetic action
- Also allergic rhinitis, irticaria, conjuctivitis
- SE: High CNS depression (sedation)
- High anticholinergic effects
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Fexofenadine (allegra)
- 2nd gen
- H1 Antagonist
- 12 hr duration
- 1% sedation incidence
- no anti-cholinergic effects
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Certirizine (Zyrtec)
- 2nd gen.
- H1 Antagonist
- close to but less than 24 hr. duration
- 15% sedation incidencegives dry mouth/nose & fatigue
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