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trade name
manufacturer name
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molecules that contain at least one atom of nitrogen and carry a positive charge all times
quaternary ammonium compounds
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process of an acid giving up a proton or a base accepting a proton and converting the acid or base into a charged particle
ionization
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two pathologic conditions in which low blood flow can affect drug therapy
abscesses and tumors
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inflammation of the colon caused by antibiotics (suprainfection; bacteria C. difficile)
pseudomembranous colitis
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two types of Oral Contraceptive
combination- contain both an estrogen and a progestin
progestin- only contain a progestin
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Two types of Hormone replacement therapy:
- estrogen alone
- estrogen with progestin
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why is progestin given along with estrogen in hormone replacement therapy? and what can it lead to if progestin is not given?
to counterbalance the estrogen-mediated stimulation of the endometrium
can lead to hyperplasia and cancer
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act on the uterus to cause the proliferation of the endometrium
estrogens
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together these two hormones regulate the menstraul cycle
Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone
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acts on ovarian follicles, causing them to mature and secrete estrogens
FSH
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influences corpus luteum to secrete progesterone
LH
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support the development and maintenance of the female reproductive tract and secondary sex charachteristics, required for the growth and maturation of the uterus, vagina, fallopian tubes, and breasts
estrogens
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prepares the uterus for implanctation of a fertilized ovum and help maintain the uterus throughout pregnancy
progestins
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injection given to neonates immediately after delivery
phytonadione (Vit k1)
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suppression of preterm labor; uterine relaxants
tocolytics
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induction/augmentation of labor, control of postpardum bleeding and induction of abortion; uterine stimulants
oxytocics
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receptor antagonist, peptide hormone produced by the posterior pituitary.
Increases the force, frequency, and duration of uterine contractions. used to help uterus close after delivery and to control postpartum hemorrhage
Pitocin (oxytocin)
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can suppress labor up to 48 hours
Nifedipine
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treatment of fungal infections. highly toxic and dangerous with side effects including flushing, fever, chills, hypotension, red man's syndrome
amphoterin B
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used for suprainfections with susceptible organisms in patients allergic to penicillin.
inhibits cell wall synthese and promotes bacterial lysis.
side effects include ototoxicity, flushing, rash, tachycardia, hypotension
vancomycin
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suprainfection of the bowel from bacteria C. diffile
characterized by profuse watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever
treated with vancomycin
psuedomembranous colitis
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polyene antibiotic used for candidiasis
nystatin
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polypeptide antibiotic used for topical treatment of bacterial infections.
adverse reactions include: renal dysfunction, blood dyscrasias, respiratory distress
bactracin
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a macrolide with a broad antimicrobial spectrum; preferred treatment for a number of infections. safer antibiotic
erythromycin
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binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit and therby blocks addition of new amino acids in the peptide chain
erythromycin
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can increase the plasma levels and half lives of several drugs thereby posing a risk for toxicity
erythromycin
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side effects include nausea, vomitting, diarrhea, abdominal crams, liver toxicity if taken with other hepatotoxic drugs (ex- acetaminophen)
erythromycin
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broad spectrum antibiotics that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis
macrolids
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the ratio of the minimum concentration of drug that produces toxic effects and the minimum concentration that produces the desired effect
therapeutic index
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often used to refer to the span of concentration between minimum toxic concentration and minimum effective concentration. the bigger the easier to administer a drug without unwanted toxicity
therapeutic window
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done to find out what kind of organism is causing an illness or infection
culture
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test done to check to see what kind of medicine will work best to treat the illness or infection
sensitivity
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define the term "generation" as it relates to cephalosporins:
Each offspring of every generation is becoming more resistant to Beta-lactamase and increasing ability to reach CSF
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What is unique about 3 and 4 generation cephalasporins?
reach clinically effective concentrations in CSF and are becoming reactive against P. aeruginsoa
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suppress bacterial growth by inhibiting protein synthesis
tetracyclines
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