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How did Rome collapse?
By invasions from the north
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What happened to Rome after she collapsed?
- •city life declined
- •travel became dangerous
- •catholic church was
- educated
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What was created in the Middle ages?
The Feudal System
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Which crusade was most unsuccessful?
The first crusade
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What were the Crusades?
Wars to recapture the Holy Land (todays isreal)
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What were the outcomes of the crusades?
- •they were a failure
- •brought people out od isolation
- •Muslims retake lands
- •trade routes developed
- -spices and cloth
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After the crusades, why was trade difficult?
it was over land (China) which made it harder to get to
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What did people need in order to increase trade?
- •a new route by water
- •gold to but goods (major
- export of gold was africa)
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What happened as trade increased?
- •Cities began
- •many trade systems break down
- •increased commerce
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What are the middle classes?
- •bankers
- •merchants
- •craftsman
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What do the nations replace after the crusades?
The fuedal estate
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What was the renaissance period?
- •a rebirth
- •exploration begins
- •reform within the Catholic Church
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Who was Martin Luther?
The sale of indulgences to be forgiven
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What happened to the church after it split?
- •protestant reform
- •decrease of power in the Catholic church
- •countries break with church
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Who was Leif Ericson? And what did he do?
He was a norwegian who explored Newfoundland during the dark ages.
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What stories are told about Leif Ericson?
The sagas
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There was a desire for gold, what needed to change?
- •people needed cheeper supplies
- •there was a demand for new routes to get gold
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Who was Prince Henry? And what did he do?
He was a portuguese prince who was nicknamed the navigator because he sponsored trips to explore especially around the african cost and to spread christianity.
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Who was Bartholomew Dias? And what did he do?
A portuguese sailor that wanted to go to India. He made it as far as the Cape of Good Hope until there was a threat of mutiny against him.
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Who was Vasco da Gama? And what did he do?
A portuguese sailore that made it to India and brouggt Portugal great wealth.
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Who was Pedro Cabrail? And what did he do?
A portuguese sailor who sail off course into Brazil.
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Who was Christopher Columbus? And what did he do?
A spanish sailor that found the americas.
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What was the treaty of tordesillas?
An agreemant made by the pope as a line of demarcation to split the world between Spain and Portugal at 48 degrees longitude.
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Who was Amerigo Vespucci? And what did he do?
A spanish sailor that claimed the americas.
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Who was Vasco de Balboa? And what did he do?
A spanish sailor who was the 1st to cross the Isthmus of Panama and saw the Pacific Ocean
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Who is Ponce de Leon? And what did he do?
- •A spanish sailor
- •1st to notice gulf stream
- •1st to explore north america
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Was was Cortez? And what did he do?
A spanish sailore who conquered mexico
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Who welcomed Cortez?
Monetzuma, the king of The aztec empire
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The capital of Aztec empire?
Techntitlan
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What did Bartholomew de las Casa have to say about enslaving native Americans?
To enslave africans instead
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Who is Magellan? And what did he do?
- A spanish sailore who sailed the globe.
- - he died b4 he could actually make it but his voyage made it
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Who is Francisco Pizarro? And what did he do?
- •A spanish sailor
- •found the Incan empire •explored west coast of africa
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Who is Hermando do Soto? And what did he do?
- •a spanish sailor
- •claimed south east america
- •1st to see the Mississippi (burried there as well)
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Who was Vasquez de Cornado? and what did he do?
- •a spanish sailor
- •explored south western U.S.
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Who is Juan Cabrillo? What did he do?
- •a spanish sailor
- •explored west coast of California
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Why no permanent English or French Colonies?
- •internal termoil
- •religious divisions
- •not as powerful as spanosh Armada
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Who was John Cabot? What did he do?
- •english sailor
- •lay claim on Newfoundland
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Who was Sir/Captain Frances Drake? What did he do?
- •english sailor
- •1st english sailor to sail around the world
- •brought lots of stolen gold from spanish ships
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Who is Richard Hakluyt? What did he do?
- •english leader
- •came up with the idea to
- have forts in new england to
- intercept spanish forts
- - military
- - natural resources
- - trade
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Who was Sir Walter Raleigh? What did he do?
- •english leader
- •sent people to help start
- colonies
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What is the lost colony of Roanoke?
- •one of the 1st settled colonies in the americas
- •the men left to defeat the Spanish Armada, when they returned Roanoke was gone
- - possibly b/c of Kroatoan indians (carved tree)
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Who is Henry Hudson? What did he do?
- •a dutch sailor
- •founds newfoundland
- •founds new amsterdam
- •explores hudson river
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What did Henry Hudson do for England?
Founded the northwest passage
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Who is Jacques Cartier? What did he do?
- •french sailor
- •explored St. Lawrence river
- •brought back fools gold and fake diamonds
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Who is Samuel de Champlain? What did he do?
- •french sailor
- •founds Quebec
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Who is Louis Juliet and Jaques Marqutte? What did they do?
- •french sailors
- •Louis (fur trader)
- •Jaques (priest)
- •found "Father of Waters" (mississippi) f
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Who is Robert de la Salle? What did he do?
- •french explorer
- •claimed more of the Mississippi and its tributaries
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What is the Colombian exchange?
A trade market which exploded in international commerce
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What did we get from "New World"?
- -gold
- -silver
- -syphillis
- -corn and potatoes
- -vanilla
- -chocolate
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What did we get from "Old World"?
- -wheat
- -sugar
- -rice and coffee
- -horses, cows, and pigs
- -small pox, measels, and bubonic plague
- -scarlett fllu and fever
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