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Homeostasis
Steady state of body function. Interplay between outside forces that tend to change an organisms internal control.
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Cell Theory
All living things are composed of cells.
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DNA
Contains info for reprodution and develpment.
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Difference between Hypothesis Science and Discovery Based Sci.
- Disovery-
- Desctriptive, make and record observations.
- No Experiments
- Hypothesis-
- MAke observations
- Ask Q
- Form hypothesis
- Experiment
- Conclusion.
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Experimental Variable
Something that can chnage in an experiment.
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Experimental Group
Group you are testing hypothesis on.
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Controlled Group
Group that does not receive your treatment.
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Controlled Variables
Things you keep the same between both groups
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Retrospctive
What happens in the past
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Prospective
Test both groups and follow them.
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Random Fluctuation
- Data that could be explaines by chnage.
- need large sample size.
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Experimental Bias
Not letting scientist know what they are testing for.
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Natural Selection
- happens natural.
- How evolution works.
- How "fit" an organism is with his environment determines what traits will be passed on w/ greater traits.
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Artificial selection
Human modified of animals or plants.
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Atomic Number =
Number of protoons
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Atomic Mass =
# of protons + # of neutrons
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Isotope
Different forms of element that have the same # of protoons but different # of neutrons.
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Ion
Charged aton or molecule.
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Valence shell
- Outtermost electron shell.
- Largely determines the properties of one element .
- Elements w/ same # of valence electrons are in the same column on periodic table.
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Ionic Bonds
Transfer of electrons between elements/ compounds or slats.
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Covalent Bonds
Sharing of electrons between elements, strongest bond.
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Non Polar (COVALENT)
Atoms share electrons equally.
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Polar (Covalent)
Have opposite carges on opposite ends.
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Importance of electronegativity
The power to attract electrong, oxyben is very electronegaive atom.
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Hydrogen Bonds
- occurs betwee polar molecules (Like water)
- Incicated by dotter lines in stead of solid lines.
- Weakes t of 3 types of bonds.
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Hydropholic interactions
- Water hating.
- Does not dissolve in water.
- Often lipids and fats.
- Forms separate layer.
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Solvent
Dissolving solution
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Solute
Substance being dissolved
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Solution
Misture of two or more substances.
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What does pH scale measure
Power of hydrogen
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What are pH acids
Donate H+ ions into solutions
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What are pH Bases
Remove H+ from solutions
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What do buffers do
- Minimize changes in pH when acids or bases ar added to solution.
- Acts as both a weak acid or weak base.
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Carbs % for good diet
55-60%
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Fat % for good diet
35-<10%
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Protein % for good diet
10-15%
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Imprtance of Carbs for diet
Important for physical avtivity
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Made from smaller monomers
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Importance of fats to our diet
- Need fats for cell membranes & nervous system function.
- Cholesterol used to make all sterois hormones.
- Serve as insulation to coserve body heat and provide cushion to vital organs.
- Fat soiluble vitamins (A,K,E) rely on fat for transport and storage.
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Saturated Fat
Carbons are saturated (Filled ) w/ hydrogens
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Unsaturated Fats
Less Hydrogen; replaces with carbon , double bonds.
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what Are steroids
Common structure composed of four-ring carbon units. Examples: Cholesterol.
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In conditions of Hypothermia
Sweating will occur
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Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles in cytoplasm in which:
Energy rich molecules are broken down, using Oxygen, to provide energy for cell activities.
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glucose has a higher concentration outside of a muscle cll compared to inside. This process by which glucose will enter is
Facilitated Diffusion
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A hydrogen bond
- Can involve two diff. polar molecules.
- Is weker than a covalent bond.
- Can involve water molecules
- can occur between molecules.
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Panceatic produce a large amount of insulin (A protein). these cells would be expected to contain a large amound of ________ compared to other cells.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum.
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Nonpolar molecules such as lipics are good examples of
hydrophibic Molecules.
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Hydrolosis is a process in which a molecule.
Is broken into two molecules by additon of water molecule across a bond.
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The molecule CH2OH
Disaccheride
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In regard to lipids, the term unsaturated refers to
The presence of double bonds between adjacent carbon atoms in a fatty acid.
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Each amino acid differs from others in the
chemical structure of the R group.
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An decrease of cholesterol within a cell membrane will.
Increase the fluidity of the membrane.
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Element listed below which is NOT among the four most frequently found elements in living matter:
Iron
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Potassium has one electron in tis outtermost shell. Therefore, to complete its outer shell, potassium is most likely to.
Lose one electron.
- Have 7 gain one.
- 1 or 2 loose one.
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If we remove 1 neutron from potassium we will:
Create a potassium isotope.
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Type of chemical bond in which electrons ar shared by wo atoms:
Covalent
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Low glycemic carbohydrates
Are slowly absorbed into the blood.
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The assiciation of proteins with multiple subpoints to function (Like hemoglobin) is considered.
Quaternary structure.
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