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Charlemagne
A Frankish King also known as Charles the Great who took over in 768 A.D. and he broke his kingdom up into small areas in which he left counts in charge.
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Crusades
A series of 7 major religious wars fought by the European Christians to take back Jerusalem from the Muslims
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N. Machiavelli
he was a Italian who was part of the Renaissances and was into Italian politics and wrote The Prince.
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Battle of Hastings
A battle in 1066 A.D. in England where Harold of Sussex died in defeat to William of Normandy who would later be known as William the Conqueror.
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Hegira
It was Mohammads flight from Mecca to Medina in 622 A.D.
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Justinian
A Byzantine Emperor who as known an good administrator and he created copus juris civilis. He was married to Theodora and he believed there was 1 ruler, 1 man, and 1 God, and he was in charge because God said so.
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Domesday Book
William the Conqueror's detailed inventory book in which he used to tax the people of England.
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Christendom
Germanic custom and traditions, Christian Religion, and Roman law and admin practices(classical tradition) combined to form European civilization.
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Indulgences
Considered one of the corrupt practices by John Wycliff of the Church which you could pay for salvation, pay your sins, or pay for forgiveness with money or currency.
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Vassal
Knight and Clergymen who represented Minorial Lords in a Fuedal Society, and they signed fiefs for land and servants as a reward for service.
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Flagellants
Which means to have tail, they were a group of people who beat themselves with whips and sticks during the black death, in a frutile attemp to appease God.
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Constantine
He was a Byzantine Emperor and the 1st Christian Emperor who created the law, Edict of Milan.
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Constantinople
the heart of Eastern Rome and the capital named after Constantine on the water, defendable, and had great unbreachable walls.
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Donatello
known as the father of Renaissance Sculpture and he is best known for the major sculpture in bronz that he created.
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Muslim Golden Age
the age where the muslims faith was heavily sought
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100 Years War
a war that consisted of 116 years of warfare fought between the French and England for succession of to the French throne.
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Great Schism
happen in 1378 after the Arigon Papacy and it was a period when the papacy had 2 and 3 simultaneous Popes due to the inability for Pope Urban to be replaced.
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Corpus Juris Civilis
- A Byzantine legal body of civil law created by Justinian.
- Known as Justinian's biggest accomplshment.
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Avignon Papacy
also known as the Arigon 1309-1377 (Babylonian Captivity) it was where the papacy was moved in order to improve the relationship between France and England.
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Henry VIII
He was the King of England who broke away from the Pope to start the England reformation.
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Transubstantiation
instituted by Innocent III and it is when a true believer takes the Eucharist from a qualified clergyman/priest and the bread transform into the flesh of Christ and the wine/grape juice transform into his blood.
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Giotto
an Italian who was known as the father of the Renaissance painting and he introduced 3D, the Fresco, and chiaroscuro paintings.
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Counter-Reformation
a movement where the church attempted to clean the mess up they made.
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Michelangelo
he was an Italian who was commisioned by the Pope to paint the Sustine Chapel and it took his 4yrs to complete.
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Joan of Arc
she was a young French girl who said she received a vision from God that she was Frances last hope. She passed through France and Britians lines to tell the French king her vision and she was co-commander in the Army and she fought in 3 French battles.
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Magna Carta
this was known as the Great Charter, the British nobility created this to put restriction on the Kings power.
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Paul
(Saul of Tarsus)helinized Jew who was one of the most prominent figures in Christianity, he promoted Christianity heavily, and he spake many languages.
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Innocent III
Regarded as the most powerful Pope of all time, he started confession, he belived that the Pope judged all and none judges him, and he created Transbstantition.
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Sir Thomas More
an English man who wrote the Utopia during the Renaissance Era.
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95 Theses
a document that possessed all Martin Luther disputes in which he posted them on a Church door.
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Anabaptists
a movement that meant to be baptise again and they believed that you should not baptise infants, but once they became of age to do a full submersion baptism and be accountable for their action.
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Theocracy
a belief that God is the source of all law; 1 leader, 1 faith, 1 God.
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Clovis
a Frankish King who united the Franks into 1 kingdom, he converted to Christianity, and he expanded the Frankish kingdom.
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Mecca
the place where Muhammad challenged Jewish leaders on the Jewish faith; he lost and he was humiliated.
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William of Normandy
An Englishman who defeated Harold of Sussex at the Battle of Hasting and became William the Conqueror and ruler of England.
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John Wycliffe
He was an Oxford theologen who who's movement was during the late Middle Ages and he spoke out about the Clergy who he thought was corrupt.
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Martin Luther
he was an Agustan fryer from Saxon who started the reformation by posting his 95 thesis stement on the Church door during after the Renaissance.
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Black Death
a period where 1/4-1/3 of people in Europe died in the High Middle Ages of these diseases Bubonic, Pneumatic, and Septicemic Plaques.
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