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What is the somatic nerve system?
contains senory (afferent) and motor (efferent) neurons. transmits messages about sights, sounds, smells, tough, temp, etc. to the CNS.
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What is the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?
regulates the glands and the muscles of the internal organs.controls things such as heartbeat, resperation, digestion.
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What are the Two Branches of the ANS?
the sympatheic and the parasympathetic
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What is the parasympathetic branch?
the branch of the AND that is most active during proceeses such as digestion that restore the body's reserves for energy (eg eating)
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What is the sympathetic branch?
branch of ANS that is msot active during emotional responses sucha as fear and anxiety. spends the reserves of energy. remember: sympathetic is an emotion.
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What are spinal reflexes?
an unlearned response to a stimulus that may involve only two neurons--a sensory and a motor and even sometimes a third neuron called the interneuron
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What are interneurons?
they transmit the neural impulse from the sensory neuron to the motor neuron
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What is the difference between grey matter and white matter?
- grey matter--composed of nonmyelinated neurons.
- white matter--compused of budles of longer myelinated neurons.
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what are the ways researches examine the brain?
- 1. leasioning
- 2.EEG--detects minutes amount of electricity in the brain.
- 3. CAT--xray beams that reflect an image back into a picture from many angles.
- 4.MRI-magnetic fields that cause parts of the brain to emit signals. records changes in blood flow to detect activity.
- 4. PET scan
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What is the medulla?
oblong region of the hind brain thats involved with the regulation of heartbeat and respiration
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What is the Pons?
bulge in the hindbrain that lies forward of the medulla. A bundle of nerves. transmits info about the body movement and is involved in functions related to attention sleep and a respiration.
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What is the cerebellum?
part of the hindbran thats involved in muscle coordination and balance. (drunk tests examine this when police make you walk)
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what is the reticular activating system RAS?
part of the brain that is involved in arousal, attention, and sleep. injury to this part of the brain often results in a coma
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What is the thalamus?
two egg shaped structures that serves as the relay station for sensory stimulation. carries info from nerve fibers below to the cerebral cortex above.
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what is the hypothalamus?
a bundle of nuclei below the thalamus involved in body temp, motivation, and emotion. (huger, thirst, agression) stimulation of hypothalamus causes animals to behave badly RAWR
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What is the limbic system?
group of structures involved in memory, motivation, and emotion that forms a fringe along the inner edge of the cerebellum. (50 first dates brain)
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what is the amygdala?
near the bottom of the limbic system. looks like 2 almonds. connected to agression. "rage response" when stimulated.
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what is the cerebrum?
largest mass of the forebrain tht consists of the two hemispheres.
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What is the cerebral cortex?
wrinkled surface ares (gray matter of the cerebrum). fissures=more surface area=more info stored
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What is the corpus callosum?
thick fiber bundle that connects the hemisphere of the cortex.
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What are the divisions of the hemispheres?
- 1. frontal lobe
- 2. parietal lobe
- 3. temporal lobe
- 4.occipital lobe
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What is the somatorsensory cortex?
the section of the cortex in which sensory stimulation is projected.
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What is the motor cortex?
section of the cerebral cortex that lies in the frontal love. nerual impulses in the motor cortex are linked to muscular responses throughout the body.
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How is the prefrontal cortex involved in thinking?
it retrieves visualm sensory, auditory memories and manipulates them into info that can be used to solve problems or think
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What is Wernickes aphasia?
language disorder in which the left hemisphere of the brain is damaged. sufferers have a hard time comprehending the meaning of language
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What is Broca's aphasia?
a language disorder characterized by slow....uhhh...laborious...ehh..speech.
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