OB test 1 - chp 3 def

a process by which individuals organize and interpret their semsory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment

• perceiver
• targeet
• situation

suggests when we observe an individuals behavior we attempt to determine whether it was internally or externally caused

• distinctiveness-indiviuals display different behavior in different situations
• consensus-people behave the same in similar situations?
• consistency-response the same over time?

allows us to "speed read" others but n without the risk of drawing an innacurate picture

when we make judements about thebehavior of people we have a tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors

tendency to attribute their own successes to internal factors such as the ability or effort while putting the lame for failure on external factors such as bad luck or unproductive co-workers.

drawing a general impression about an individual on the bias of a single characteristic, such as intelligence, sociability or appearrance.

• can distort perceptions
• we dont evaluate a person in isolation, our reaction is influenced by others we have recently encountered

when we judge somone based on our perception of the group to which he or she belongs (a shortcut)

choices amoung two or more alternatives

a descrepancy exists between current state of affairs and some desired state requiring us to consider alternative courses of action

rational and makes consistent, value maximizing choices, within specified constraints

• 1. define the problem
• 2. identify the decision criteria
• 3. allocate weights to the criteria
• 4. develop the alternatives
• 5. evaluate the alternatives
• 6. select the best alterntive

human mind cannot solve complex problems with full rationality, we cinstruct simplified models that extract the essential features from problems without capturing all their compexity.

nonconcious process created from distilled experience. the least rational way to make a decision. (it doesn't make it worng though)

tendency to fixate on initial information and fail to adequately adjust for subsequent information.

we seek out information that reaffirms our past choices instead of objectively gathering all information available

tendency for people to base their judgements on info that is readily available to them

refers to staying with a decision even when there is clear evidence that it's wrong.

tendency to believe falsley after the out-come of an event is actually known, that we'd hae accurateately predicted that outcome

• performance evaluation
• reward systems
• formal regulations
• system-imposed time constraints
• historical precedents

• utilitaianism - greates good for greates number
• rights - decisions consistent with findamental liberties and privileges
• justice - impose rules fairly and impartially

people that reveal unethical practices by their organization to the press or gov agency on the grounds of their right to free speech

ability to produce novel and useful ideas

• this model proposes that individual creativity essentially requires:
• 1)expertise 2)creative thinking skills 3)intrinsic task motivation