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beejin
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1.Respiratory System
-Main Function
Ensure proper cellular function
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1. Respiratory Pump
-Function
-Where
- -Inspiration and expiration
- -In thoracic cavity
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Inspiration
-2 types
-Muscles used
- Process of actively contracting inspiratory muscles to move air into body
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-Quiet breathing at normal rest
Diaphragm, External intercostals
- -Heavy, deep, forced breathing
Add Scalenes, Sternocleidomastoid, Pectoralis minor
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Expiration
-Muscles used
- Process of actively or passively relaxing inspiratory muscles to move air out of body
- -Internal intercostals, Abdominals
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Pressure relationship inside and outside
When Intrapulmonary pressure goes below Atmospheric pressure, air draws into lungs
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Conduction Passageways
-What
-Function
- All structures before respiratory passageways
- -Nasal, oral, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchioles
- -Purify, humidify, and warm or cool
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Respiratory Passageways
Bronchi, bronchioles, Alveoli, Alveolar sacs
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Alveoli sacs
Where O2 and CO2 and transported in and out of blood through diffusion
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VO2
-Amount
- Oxygen consumption
- -At rest 3.5 ml of oxygen per kilogram of bodyweight per minute (1 MET)
VO2= cardiac output (hrxsv) - a- v O2 (difference in O2 content between blood in arteries and blood in veins)
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VO2 Max
Highest rate of oxygen transport and utilization achieved at maximum physical exertion (11-23 METS)
-Maximal testing not always practical for most clients so estimate using other methods every couple weeks or months.
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Aerobic Activity
Bodily function prolonged for 30 seconds or more. Requires oxygen.
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Anaerobic Activity
Activities lasting less than 30 seconds. Doesn't require oxygen.
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Bioenergetics
The study of energy in the human body. ◦-How chemical energy (food) is converted into mechanical energy (work)
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Energy Yielding
- During bioenergetics when chemical bonds are broken---energy is released to produce work (muscle contractions)
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Also called an Energy Utilizing Reaction
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ATP
-Function
-Makeup
Cellular structure that collects energy and stores it and delivers it to usage site
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-Adenine (a nitrogen based compound)
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-Ribose (a five carbon sugar)
- -3 Phosphates
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3 Bioenergetic Pathways for ATP production
Anaerobic: 1 ATP-CP pathway and 2 Glycolysis pathway
Aerobic: 3 Oxidative pathway
-All three together= Bioenergetic Continuum
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ATP-CP Pathway (Phosphagen system)
-Function
-For what
-Duration
- -Provides energy for high intensity, short duration activity. (power and strength)
- -Produces energy more rapidly than other two systems
- -Enzyme Myosin ATPase causes break off of one of phosphates of ATP= ADP (adenosine diphosphate). This creates energy
- -10 second duration
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Glycolysis Pathway
-By product
-Duration
- Uses breakdown of carbs (glucose) to produce ATP
- -1 Glucose molecule produces 2 ATP through anaerobic glycolysis
- -One by product is Pyruvate. If not used up fast enough by muscle cell, can cause lactic acid build up
- -30 to 50 second duration
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Oxidative Pathway
-Relies on
-How works
-Speed compared to others
-ATP production compared
-Duration
- -Relies on carbs and fats.
- -Glucose from glycogen stores broken down by oxygen. With oxygen, pyruvate not converted to lactic acid- becomes usable for ATP production
- -Slowest producing system
- -Greater amount of ATP
- One Glucose= 36 ATP
- -Activities longer than 30 seconds- predominant in activities more than 2 minutes
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