The flashcards below were created by user
Geo
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
-
Define Prions.
Prions are proteins with altered secondary, tertiary, and quarternary structures.
-
Other than being misfolded, what else is required for a misfolded protein to become a Prion?
If the misfolded protein causes other proteins to misfold, then that misfolded protein is a Prion.
-
Even though we have a natural mechanism to degrade Prions, what can Prions eventually do to the cell?
Prions can make the cell go through lysis after over-filling the cell with Prions.
-
What is an example of a Prion-based disease?
Mad Cow Disease
-
Define Resolution.
It's the ability to distinguish to very closely spaced objects.
-
What are three things that affect Resolution?
- Numerical Aperture
- Refractive Index
- Wavelength of Light
-
Define Refractive Index.
The degree to which light is bent when passing through a medium.
-
What types of mediums are used with Microscopes?
Air & Oil
-
Which wavelength of visible light has the longest wavelength and which has the shortest wavelength?
- Red has the longest.
- Violet has the shortest.
-
Which increases Resolution? Using shorter or longer wavelengths?
Shorter
-
What are the 2 main types of Microscopes?
- Light Microscopes
- Electron Microscopes
-
What are the 5 types of Light Microscopes and which is the only one that doesn't have a max. magnification of 1000X?
- Dissecting - 30-40X
- Compound
- Confocoal
- Differential Interference
- Fluorescent
-
Which of the 5 Light Microscopes have a max resolution of 0.2 micrometers?
- Compound
- Confocal
- Differential Interference
- Fluorescent
-
Which of the microscopes has the ability to see a sharp image of a particular layer/plane (Focal Point) in a 3D specimen?
Confocal Microscope
-
What is the disadvantage of a Compound Microscope?
Blurry areas whie focusing
-
What is the disadvantage of a Confocal Microscope?
If only 1 run is made, information may be lost becase you see only one layer.
-
Which Light Microscope are made to emphasize structures with NO stain?
Differential Interference Microscopes
-
What are the two types of Differential Interference (DI) Microscopes?
- DI Contrast
- Phase Contrast
-
What else is a DI Contrast Microscope known as?
Nomarski
-
What is the main difference between a DI Contrast and Phase Contrast Microscope?
Boundaries are clear with DI Contrast and you get a Halo Effect around your Focal Point when using Phase Contrast.
-
How do Electron Microscopes work?
They use electrons to form images.
-
What is the maximum magnification and resolution of Electron Microscopes?
-
What are the 3 disadvantages of an Electron Microscope?
- Can NOT see color.
- Can NOT use living specimens.
- Sometimes can be very expensive.
-
What are the 2 types of Electron Microscopes?
- Scanning Electron Microscopes (SEM)
- Transmission Electron Microscopes (TEM)
-
Define Differential Centrifugation.
Using spinning in a centrifuge to separate cellular components based on weight in a sample; heavier things at the bottom and lighter things at the top.
-
What is the purpose of Freeze Fracturing ?
Use Freeze Fracturing in order to access internal cellular components by freezing rapidly and breaking phospholipid bilayer in half in order to study things within that layer.
-
What is the disadvantage of Freeze Fracturing?
Specimen must be frozen quickly or else slow freezing will damage the specimen.
-
What does Hybridization mean?
Joining together
-
What is the function of Hybridization?
To locate nucleic acids
-
How does Hybridization work?
Use a Probe that is complementary to DNA/RNA Strand of Interest. Can be used with Chromosomes. Make sure a TAG is used on a Probe. (i.e. Fluorescent Tag)
-
What is the main function of Immunocytochemistry?
To detect proteins
-
What is the main function of Electrophoresis?
To separate molecules based on size and charge
-
What three types of Blots use Electrophoresis and what do they detect?
- Southern - DNA
- Western - Proteins
- Northern - RNA
|
|