anthro121 MT1

• biological
• cultural
• variation
• evolution

• archeology
• linguistics
• biological
• cultural

the belief in the supernatural

that which is beyond our normal experience

• neaderthals burial; indicated belief in afterlife
• 70,000 yrs ago
• extended burial: layed out flat in same direction
• flexed burial: like a womb

• 28,000 - 21,000 years before present
• cave art & sculpture in the round

• 1880s writer [20-30 yrs after Darwin's Natural Selection]
• unilineal cultural evolutionary theory

all human cultures start out as savages, progress to barbarism and develop into civilization

animism ==> polytheism ==> monotheism

• belief in spirits
• belief that things have a soul
• the idea of a soul is the result of dreams... concept of a "ghost soul"

• Zeus is invited to dinner by princess's father
• King feeds Zues human flesh (abhored by Greeks)
• Zeus massacres family, except for one daughter he likes
• Hera decides to punish him... daughter will grow up, marry and have son... disguise as bear, hunted by own father
• Zues intervenes, tosses "bear" into the sky to become Ursa Major and daughter, Ursa Minor.... never allowed to rest

Fang, 7

• kla: life force
• susuma: conscious personality, subconscious

• a body
• good luck (gheshi)
• a name

• myth
• taboo
• symbolism
• ritual

remote antiquity when ancestors lived on Earth in "the beginning" in toltemic clans... Yir Yoront

• Australian aboriginal group
• live close to water yet have no boats (want to live as ancestors did)
• believe in Dream Time - remote antiquity when ancestors lived on Earth in "the beginning" in toltemic clans
• stone axe head is most treasured tool, how men control women

the spiritual or immaterial part of a human being or animal, regarded as immortal

• acts as science; answers questions
• template for behavior
• way to convery cultural info

• Zeus tries to seduce Io
• worries Hera may be watching, creates a cloud to hide in and turns Io into heifer... says it's a gift to Hera
• Hera places heifer under the watchful eyes of Argus (100-eyed best friend)
• Zeus conspired with Hermes to kill Argus
• Hera plucks Argus' eyes and turns them into the eyes of peacock feathers
• Zeus finally consorts with Io and Herculese is born
• Hera creates gadfly to pester Io

• the organic-unity concept: an ideal society is in perfect equalibrium and change produced by outside contact is harmful
• the meaninglessness of religious beliefs: majority of anthropologists are agnostic or atheist

insider's view vs outsider's view

• rules of behavior
• function is to set limits or boundries on behavior. narrow choices

• three sons myth created for socio/political order
• eldest: servant and cultivator [picks knife, food, headring, axe]
• 2nd: cattlemen [picks up thong]
• youngest: father's heir [picks up ox's head]

• "father of modern anthropology"
• binary oppositions: all choices are made into "yes or no"
• Structuralism has been defined as "the search for the underlying patterns of thought in all forms of human activity."

• theme of duality .... good and evil
• vegetarian
• example of syncretic religion... influenced by Hindu faiths
• Chinese taught ancient rites
• Yan Suag Tae -- pig butcher swore off meat, didn't want to step on ants, killed himself instead
• 9 gods comprise Ursa Major

the amalgamation or attempted amalgamation of different religions, cultures, or schools of thought

• beginning was a void
• cold north and hot south merge to form water and mist
• Ymir, first giant to appear (Odin's grandfather)
• Odin and brothers kill Ymir and make the heavens and Earth
• Midgard- where humans were placed, here first man and woman were created from trees, ash and elm

strychnine and lye poison drank by serpent-handlers of W. Virginia

serpent-handlers of W. Virginia place of worship

a ritual event that marks a person's progress from one status to another

Norse; the sun, she is described as the sister of the personified moon, Máni

OR

in female genital mutilation, Type 1: the removal of the hood and/or tip of clitoris

• ethnographer
• wrote Rites of Passage; 1909.
• these rituals divided into 3 phases:
• separation ==> liminal (marginal) ==> aggregation

• everyone has two souls, intellect and body
• intellect: hangs around after death; mischevious
• body: travels west over milky way
• 4 day journey; resists temptation [fountain,giant wild strawberry]
• soul reaches river, log as bridge to salvation, dog as guide
• spend eternity eating wild strawberries, playing lacross

• 1347-1350
• 25-30 million died
• began in Italy
• 3 types: bubonic, pneumonic, hemorragic

• Christian sect who whipped people to take away others sins
• 33.5 day campaigns (each day referred to a year of Jesus' earthly life) of penance
• Clement VI officially condemned them in a bull of October 20, 1349

"The tendency in nature to form wholes that are greater than the sum of the parts through creative evolution."

• a set of rituals designed to answer a question
• the practice of seeking knowledge of the future or the unknown by supernatural means.
• types often end in -omancy or -imancy
• soothsayer

• King Isaza came to the thrown a very young man
• drove away elders replaced with his young friends
• killed a zebra, stiched it to himself
• zebra skin dries and almost kills him, friends are no help
• elders come to his rescue by throwing him in pond
• "respect your elders"

• from New Guinea
• Kaiko pig festival
• agriculturalists

• the oracle at Dephi, Mt. Parnassus
• place of divination for 1200 years
• she spoke in tongues "glossolalia"

margretomancy -- pearls in oil