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Viruses show what kind of characteristics?
Living AND non-living
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How do viruses reproduce?
Viruses can only reproduce within the living cells of another organism
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What is the name given to the organism which the virus uses to reproduce?
The host
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What is the name given to a virus because it has to reproduce within the living cells of another organism?
Obligate parasite
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Viruses _______ cause disease?
always
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What do the viruses make use of from the host cell to make copies of themselves?
The cell's biochemical machinery
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Does viral replication destroy the host cell?
Yes
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Describe the structure of a virus
- A virus:
- is surrounded by a protective protein coat - capsid
- contains a nucleic acid core - either RNA or DNA
- some may also have an envelope, enzymes and/or fibres
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How can viruses be transported?
By droplets, faeces, contact (blood or sexual) and animal bites
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Describe the stages of viral replication
- The virus adheres to the host cell and thrusts its tail through the cell wall.
- The virus injects its DNA into the host cell
- The virus takes over the host cells biochemical machinery and replicates its own DNA using the host cell's nucleotides
- Each viral DNA molecule induces the formation of a protein coat and enters it
- The host cell bursts, destroying the cell, releasing many copies of the virus
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What does the virus need to produce new viral particles?
The virus needs the host cell's nucleotides, ATP and amino acids
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What must the virus do to the host cell before it can start replicating?
The virus must supress the cell's normal nucleic acid replication and protein synthesis
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