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Penicillin
Beta-lactams
Cell wall synthesis inhibitor
Site: Cell Wall
Action: inhibition of transpeptidases
Cephalosporins
Beta-lactams
Cell wall synthesis inhibitor
Site: Cell Wall
Action: inhibition of transpeptidases
Carbapenems
Beta-lactams
Cell wall synthesis inhibitor
Site: Cell Wall
Action: inhibition of transpeptidases
Monobactams
Beta lactams
Cell wall synthesis inhibitor
Site: Cell Wall
Action: inhibition of transpeptidases
Vancomycin
Cell wall synthesis inhibitor
Site: Cell Wall
Action: Inhibition of transglycosylase
Fosfomycin
Cell wall synthesis inhibitor
Site: Cell Wall
Action: Inhibition of enolpyruvate transferase
Aminoglycosides
Protein synthesis inhibitors
Site: Ribosome (30S)
Action: Blockade of the "initiation complex"
- Misreading of the code of mRNA template
- Blockade of translocation reaction
Macrolides & Ketolides
Protein synthesis inhibitors
Site: Ribosome (50S)
Action: Blockade of translocation reaction
Clindamycin
Protein synthesis inhibitors
Tetracyclines & glycylcycline
Protein synthesis inhibit
Site: Ribosome (30S)
Action: Blockade of aminoacyl-tRNA binding
Streptogramins
Protein synthesis inhibitors
Chloramphenicol
Protein synthesis inhibitors
Site: Ribosome(50S)
Action: Block transpeptidation reaction
Linezolid
Protein synthesis inhibitors
Site: Ribosome(50S)
Action: Blockade of the "initiation complex"
Sulfonamides
Inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis or function
Site: Cytoplasm
Action: Inhibition of dihydropteroate synthetase
Trimethoprim
Inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis or function
Site: cytoplasm
Action: inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase
Fluoroquinolones
Inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis or function
Antimycobacterial *
Site: cytoplasm
Action: Inhibition of topoisomerases
Metronidazole
Inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis or function
Site: DNA
Action: DNA damage
Isoniazid
Antimycobacterial
Rifampin
Antimycobacterial
Pyrazinamide
Antimycobacterial
Ethambutol
Antimycobacterial
Streptomycin
Antimycobacterial
Quinupristin
Protein synthesis inhibitor
Site: Ribosome(50S)
Blockade of translocation reaction
Dalfopristin
Protein synthesis inhibitor
Site: Ribosome(50S)
Action: Induction in conformational change in the 50S ribosome
Two Mechanisms
1) Binds penicillin-binding proteins and inhibits catalytic functions of these enzymes.
2) Activate autolysins
Time dependent bactericidal
Beta- Lactams
Bind terminus of nascent peptidoglycan pentapeptide --> inhibition of transglycosylase
Bactericidal