Anatomy

80 bones
Lie along longitudinal axis
Skull, hyoid, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, ear ossicle

126 bones
Upper & lower limbs and pelvic & pectoral girdle

Protect brain & house ear ossicles
Muscle attachment for jaw, neck & facial muscle

Protect delicate sense organs - smell, taste, vision
Support entrances to digestive and respiratory systems

sides & roof of cranial cavity

Zygomatic process forms part of arch
External auditory meatus
Mastoid process
mandibular fossa (TMJ)

Foramen magnum
Occipital condyle

Middle part at the base of the skull
Sphenoidal sinuses
Sella turcica holds pituitary glan

Cranial floor, lateral nasal walls & nasal septum
Cribriform plate & olfactory nerves
Ethmoidal sinuses

Lateral masses contain ethmoid sinuses
Perpendicular plate is upper part of nasal septum
Superior & middle nasal concha or turbinates– filters & warms air

Paired cavities in ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal and maxillary
Lined with mucous membranes and open into nasal cavity
Resonating chambers for voice, lighten the skull
Sinusitis is inflammation of the membrane (allergy)

Immovable joints located between skull bone

Dense connective tissue membrane-filled space
Unossified at birth but close early in a child's life.
Fetal skull passesthrough the birthcanal.
Rapid growth of thebrain during infancy

U-shaped bone in the neck
Does not articulate with other bones
Supports the tongue and attachment site for neck and pharynx muscles

Supports the body and head
Surrounds and protects the spinal cord
Attachment sites for ribs and back muscle

Backbone or spine built of ____ vertebra

What are the 5 vertebral regions?

Typical Vertebrae: weight bearing

Typical Vertebrae: Pedicles, laminae

Typical Vertebrae: 2 transverse, 1 spinous, 1 articular

Another name for spinal canal

What is an Intervertebral foramen?

Intervertebral Discs: Between adjacent vertebrae absorbs _____ _______.

What permits various movement of the vertebral column?

What is the intervertebral disc composed of?

Protrusion of the nucleus pulposus
Most commonly in lumbar region
Pressure on spinal nerves causes pain
Surgical removal of disc after laminectom

Normal Curves of the Vertebral Column: thoracic and sacral are formed during fetal development

Normal Curves of the Vertebral Column:
Cervical is formed when infant raises head at 4 months
Lumbar forms when infant sits up & begins to walk at 1 year

Abnormal curves of the spine:
Lateral bending of the column

Abnormal curves of the spine:
Exaggerated thoracic curve

Abnormal curves of the spine:
Exaggerated lumbar curve

What is composed of the:
Bony cage flattened from front to back
Sternum (breastbone)
Rib

Where are the ribs attached to the vertebrae?

Tubercle articulates with ________ process
Head articulates with _________ bodies