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- 1305 giotto lamentation
- human suffering direct emotional appeal
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- 1434 Jan van Eyck double portrait of Arnolfini and wife renaissance northern europe
- rise of wealthy merchants created new middle class
- realistic
- crystal prayer beads imply piety
- mirror all seeing eye of god
- st margaret protector of pregnant woman on bedpost
- dogs serves as fidelity
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- 1425-1428 merode alterpiece robert campin
- workshop of the master of flamelle flemish (northern europe)
- religous scene w/ patrons included on right very popular
- complex and consistent treatment of light
- small objects have religous meaning
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- 1424-1427 massacio holy trinity
- play on eye level looking up at god
- demonstrates knowledge of brunelleschi perspective experiments
- father-god
- son- jesus
- holy ghost- dove
- below is skeleton grim reminder of human frail life
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- 1495 leonardo da vinci last supper italian 16 century art
- symbolic evocation of jesus coming sacrifice for the salvation of humans
- convergence of perspective lines
- pyramidal forms
- epitomize high renaissance style
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chiaroscuro
- from italian word meaning chiaro -light and oscuro - dark
- enhances modeling as 3 dimensional forms
- 16th century renaissance
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- 1501 michelangelo david 16 century italy
- muscular nudity embodies antique ideals
- power of expression and concentrated gaze on impossible battle were new
- story was perfect emblem for florentines who had recently fought enormous battles against other cities
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- michelangelo 1475-1481 sistine chapel ceiling
- ignudi- heroic young nude men
- numerous scenes from the bible all across church
- up top creation of adam heroic body outstretched arm
- illusionistic marble arch creates a framework for the figures and narrative scenes on the vault of the chapel
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- michelangelo last judgement 1536 sistine chapel
- counter-reformation
- trying to bring people back to the church by scaring them into what awaits propaganda
- abandons old medieval ideals not organized but writhing and contorted
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counter-reformation
- response to the protestant reformation
- pope paul III initiated disciplinary reforms to bring people back to lavish organized religion
- rise of the society of jesus (jesuits)
- church paintings and sculptures had to depict the events and people accurately and clearly
- church took authoritarian position
- helped acheive emotional state of religous ecstasy
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- gianlorenzo bernini david 1623
- introduced a new type of 3d composition that intrudes viewer space
- compared to michel david: older muscular in motion more muscle tension
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- bernini st teresa of avila in ecstasy 1645
- example of the emotional theatrical style of rome during the counter-reformation
- christians told to use all sense to transport themselves emotionally as they imagined events
- feel the fiery flames of hell or bliss from heaven
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- caravaggio the calling of st mathew 1599-1600
- different becuase they are in what was normal clothes at the time
- tenebrism
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tenebrism
- forms emerge from a dark background into a strong light that often falls from a single source outside the painting
- theatrical spotlight effect
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- carravaggio crucifixion of st peter 1600
- tenebrism
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- artemisia gentileschi self portrait as the allegory of painting 1630
- alludes to the arts not being a labor but a sophisticated craft
- chain allude to the interlocking and continuous relation bt masters and apprentice
- mask pendant alludes to imitates to human face as painting imitates nature
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- diego velazquez las meninas the maids of honor 1656
- mirror images makes viewer feel like they are the king looking in
- minimum of underdrawing
- tried to depic the optical properties of light reflecting from surfaces
- personal statement for diego to seek respect for himself and art of painting
- cross on his chest proclaims dignity and importance
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allegory
- symbols of one thing but mean another
- chain represents a link bt people
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