The flashcards below were created by user
Shikha612
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
-
Energy
The capacity to do work or produce heat
-
Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy can be converted from one form to another, but can neither be created nor destroyed.
-
Potential energy
Energy due to position or composition
-
Kinetic energy
Energy due to motion of an object
-
Frictional heating
The transfer of energy that accounts for the "missing energy" when energy changes from form to form
-
Heat
The transfer of energy between two objects due to a temperature difference
-
Temperature
Reflects the random motions of particles in a particular substance
-
Work
Force acting over a distance
-
Pathway
Decides how energy is divided between work and heat
-
State function
Property of a system that depends only on its present state, not its past or future
-
System
The part of the universe on which we want to focus our attention
-
Surroundings
Everything in the universe outside the system
-
Exothermic reaction
Energy flows out of a system
-
Endothermic reaction
Energy flows into a system
-
Thermodynamics
The study of energy and its interconversions
-
First Law of Thermodynamics
The energy of the universe is constant.
-
Internal energy
The sum of kinetic and potential energies in a system
-
Enthalpy
The change in energy plus the change in pressure-volume of a system
-
Molar heat capacity
Energy required to raise 1 mol of a substance by 1 degree Kelvin
-
Calorimeter
Device that experimentally determines the heat associated with a chemical reaction
-
Calorimetry
The science of measuring heat
-
Heat capacity
the amount of energy required to increase an objects temperature; factors in object's mass
-
Specific heat capacity
The heat capacity per gram of substance
-
Molar heat capacity
Heat capacity per mole of substance
-
Coffee cup calorimeter
Studies energy changes in reactions under conditions of constant pressure
-
Bomb calorimeter
Studies energy changes in reactions under conditions of constant volume
-
Hess's Law of Heat Summation
In going from a particular set of reactants to a particular set of products, the change in enthalpy is the same whether the reaction takes place in one step or in a series of steps.
-
Standard enthalpy of formation
The change in enthalpy that accompanies the formation of 1 mol of a compound from its elements with all substances in their respective standard states.
-
Standard state
The reference state for a material's thermodynamic properties
-
Fossil fuels
The product that results when plants are burned, resulting in energy that can be harnessed
-
Petroleum
A thick, dark liquid composed of hydrocarbons
-
Natural gas
Usually associated with petroleum deposits; consists of methane, ethane, propane, and butane
-
Pyrolytic cracking
Process invented by William Burton to increase the yield of gasoline obtained from petroleum
-
Coal
Formed from the remains of plants that were buried and subjected to pressure and heat over long periods of time
-
Infrared radiation
Energy that has passed from the Sun, through the atmosphere, to Earth's surface, but is not reflected back into space
-
Greenhouse effect
Net amount of thermal energy is retained by Earth's atmosphere, making it warmer than it would be without the atmosphere
|
|