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three branches off of the aorta
- brachiocephalic trunk
- left common carotid
- left subclavian
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how many parts to the subclavian?
3
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braches off of 1st part of subclavian
- vertebral
- thyrocervical trunk
- internal thoracic
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branches off of the thyrocervical trunk
- suprascapular (sometimes)
- inferior thyroid
- ascending cervical
- transverse cervical
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branches off of the second part of the subclavian
costocercial trunk
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boundary between the first part of subclavian and second part of subclavian
= anterior scalene m.
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seven branches of the external carotid artery
- facial a.
- lingual a.
- posterior auricular a.
- anterior pharyngeal a.
- superior thyroid a.
- occipital a.
- Terminal braches (maxillary a. & superior temporal a.)
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carotid sinus
located where the carotid splits into internal and external carotid a.
contains baroreceptors, which detect arterial blood pressure
on IJV
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carotid body
contains chemoreceptors to detect the oxygen level in blood
in close relation to the carotid sinus
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common carotid artery originates from where
L: the aorta
R: the brachiocephalic trunk
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braches off of the 3rd part of the subclavian a.
dorsal scapular a.
(sometimes) suprascapular a.
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what does the internal jugular vein lead into:
enters the Circle of Willis
"main blood supply to the head"
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Nerves of the Neck
- spinal accessory nerve
- hypoglossal nerve
- vagus nerve
- cervical plexus
- brachial plexus
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Branches of the Cervical Plexus
- ansa cervicalis
- phrenic nerve
- great auricular nerve
- lesser occipital nerve
- transverse cervical nerve
- supraclavicular nerves
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Phrenic Nerve
lies on top of the anterior scalene m.
innervates the diaphragm
(C3, 4, & 5 keep the diaphragm alive)
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Ansa Cervicalis
(C1, 2, 3)
found on top of the internal jugular vein, or within close proximity
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superior root of ansa cervicalis is from where?
from the hypoglossal nerve (C1)
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inferior root of ansa cervicalis is from where?
C2 & C3
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lesser occipital nerve
(what does it run with?)
runs with the lesser occipital artery
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great auricular nerve
runs behind the external jugular v. on the sternocleidomastoid m.
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transverse cervical n.
runs across upper part of the neck - middlish (runs horizontally)
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Brachial Plexus
C5 - T1
Ventral Primary Ramus
goes to upper extremeties between the anterior and middle scalene m.
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Cervical Plexus
ventral primary ramus of C1 - C4 usually
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Vagus Nerve
found thru the carotid sheath; near the common carotid a. and IJV
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spinal accessory nerve
innervates the trapezius m. and the SCM
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viscera of the neck:
- cervical portion of the esophagus
- trachea
- thoracic duct
- thyroid gland
- parathyroid gland
- lymph nodes (100s!)
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thyroid gland blood supply:
superior and inferior thyroid a./ v.
middle thyroid v.
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parts of the thyroid gland
R and L lobes
isthmus
pyramidal lobe (20% of ppl)
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what kind of hormones does the thyroid gland secrete?
metabolic hormones
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parathyroid glands regulate what?
regulate calcium ion in the blood of the body
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three regions of the pharynx
- nasopharynx
- oropharynx
- laryngonpharynx
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parts of the nasopharynx
- choanae
- pharyngeal tonsils
- torus tubaris
- pharyngotympanic tube
- salpingopharyngeal fold/ muscle
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parts of the oropharynx
- palatoglossal fold
- palatopharyngeal fold
- palatine tonsils (between folds)
- tongue
- soft plate
- lingual tonsils (tongue tonsils)
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parts of the laryngopharynx
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muscles of the pharynx
1. circular oriented muscles (pharyngeal constricter muscles: superior, middle, and inferior)
2. longitudinally oriented muscles (stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus)
3. muscles that move the soft plate (levator veli palatini, tensor veli palatini)
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