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Name the three major particles in the atom.
protons, electrons, nuetrons
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Describe the properties (relative mass, size, charge) of each particle.
- Electrons- relative mass ~0 amu, 0.00055amu , -1 charge
- Proton- ~1amu , 1.00727 amu, +1
- Neutron- ~1 amu, 1.00867 amu, 0
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Explain isotopes.
- Def.-Atoms of an element with different mass numbers due to different numbers of neutrons.
- it is the smae element but just has a difference in number of neutrons, the wieght change of the atom is taken lightly though.
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Describe the energy levels inside the atom.
Each atom has 4 energy levels (atleast as far as we are studying)
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Explain atomic orbitals.
- Orbitals are made up of two revolving electrons. the orbitals are classified into S, P, D type.
- The S can hold one orbital so it holds two electrons.
- P, has three orbitals so it can hold six elec.
- D, has five orbitals so it holds ten elec.
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Write electron configurations.
- Electron configuration is simply putting the obital shell letter and how many electrons filled that level.
- ex. Lithium has an atomic number of three which means it has three electrons. So the configuration would be, 1S-2 2S-1.
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Preict the number of valence electrons.
- Valence electrons are the electrons that fill the outer-most shell in an atom.
- note: not in each subatomic level, were looking at the whole level. Ex. 1st level, 2nd level...etc.
- So the valence electrons in Oxygen is 6.
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Predict the number of electrons and protons based on the atomic number.
Atomic number tells you how many electrons are in the element, and protons are the same number.
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Explain the difference between mass number and atomic mass.
- Atomic mass refers to the wieght of an one isotope.
- mass number is an average of all the isotopes within an element.
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Write symbols of elements and isotopes.
?
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Determine the atomic number, atomic mass and symbol for elements by using the periodic table.
atomic number is at the top
symbol in the middle
atomic mass at the bottom
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Determine representative, transition, and inner transition elements.
- representative- from H to Be column, and B to He columns.
- Inner transition-elements that are usually taken out of the main table and placed below, starting with La.
- Transition elements- the middle of the table, remaining elements.
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Determine the number of protons and electrons for each element.
The atomic number tells the number of electrons and protons.
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Classify elements into metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.
- Metals- first two columns in table (except H) and staggered through the right side (Al, Ga, Sn, Bi, Po).
- Nonmetals-Hydrogen included, and staggered on the right side(C, P, Se, I, At) and everything to the right of them.
- Metalloids- (B, Si, Ge,As, Sb, Te) staggered between metals and noble gases.
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Determine the symbol of the element on the basis of group and periodic designations.
- group is the the column
- period is the row
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Determine relative size of the elements in same group or in a same period.
the more electrons ( the higher the atomic number) the smaller the atom (element)
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Determine halogens, noble gases, alkaline earth metals and alkali metals.
- Halogens-F, Cl, Br, I, At
- Noble gases- He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
- Alkaline earth metals- Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
- Alkali-Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
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